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. 2023 Mar 21;122(8):1548–1556. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.026

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Crystal structure of Clˉ-pumping rhodopsin (ClR) (PDB: 5G28). The first Clˉ binding site (Clˉ no. 1) is located in the center of the protein and is in contact with the all-trans retinal illustrated by the yellow stick representation in the center of the protein. The second site (Clˉ no. 2) is located on the intracellular side (gray box) and is the focus of this study. The gray lines depict the extent of the lipid bilayer and Clˉ ions are represented by the green spheres. (B) A surface representation of the protein rotated by 90° to illustrate the bottom face where the Clˉ no. 2 site is located. The Clˉ ion is situated outside the protein. (C) A close-up illustration of the Clˉ no. 2 binding site. Clˉ no. 2 is comprised of the hydrophobic residues A44 and P45 (orange) and polar residue K46 (blue). The black dashed lines indicate the known contacts with Clˉ in the site. To see this figure in color, go online.