Table 1.
Current Status of Drug Development Affecting or Targeting Macrophages in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (Selected Compounds and Trials)
| Drug | Mechanism | Clinical evaluation |
|---|---|---|
| Cenicriviroc | CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor | Failed phase 3 (NCT03028740) |
| Belapectin (GR-MD-02) | Galectin-3 inhibitor | Failed phase 2b (NCT02462967) |
| Selonsertib | ASK1 inhibitor | Failed phase 3 (NCT03053050/NCT03053063) |
| Obeticholic acid | Farnesoid X–receptor agonist | Successful in phase 2 (NCT01265498) Failed phase 3 in NASH cirrhosis (NCT03439254) Phase 3 in NASH fibrosis ongoing (NCT02548351) |
| Liraglutide/semaglutide | GLP-1–receptor agonist | Successful in phase 2 (NCT02970942/NCT01237119) Phase 3 ongoing (NCT04822181/NCT02654665) |
| Pioglitazone | PPAR-γ agonist | Evaluated for patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes |
| Elafibranor | PPAR-α/δ agonist | Failed phase 3 (NCT02704403) |
| Lanifibranor | Pan PPAR-α/γ/δ agonist | Successful in phase 2 (NCT03008070) Phase 3 ongoing (NCT04849728) |
| Resmetirom | THR-β agonist | Successful in phase 2 (NCT02912260) Phase 3 ongoing (NCT03900429) |
ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; GR-MD-02, belapectin; THR, thyroid hormone receptor.