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. 2023 Apr 28;11:70. doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01571-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Similar lysosomal protein changes and storage material accumulation in frontal cortex of patients with multiple FTLD subtypes. Frontal cortex from patients with FTD-GRN, FTLD-TDP type C, or Pick’s Disease exhibited increased CatD activity versus controls (a, ANOVA effect of group, p = 0.0109). HexA activity was not significantly different from controls (ANOVA effect of group, p = 0.1079), though all FTLD groups exhibited trends for increased activity. b, c All FTLD patient groups also exhibited at least trends for elevated levels of LAMP-1 (ANOVA effect of group, p = 0.013) and LAMP-2 (ANOVA effect of group, p = 0.0059). d, e Patients with FTD-GRN and Pick’s disease exhibited higher numbers of autofluorescent particles compared to controls, and patients with FTLD-TDP type A exhibited a similar trend (ANOVA effect of group, p = 0.0254). f, g All FTLD patient groups had higher numbers of Sudan Black B-positive particles than controls (ANOVA effect of group, p < 0.0001). In a HexA data are scaled to the left y-axis and CatD data are scaled to the right y-axis. ^†p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 by Fisher’s LSD post-hoc test. Black lines and symbols indicate difference from controls. The red line and symbol in b indicate difference from FTD-GRN. n = 5 controls, 12–13 patients with FTD-GRN, 7 patients with FTLD-TDP type A, 7 patients with FTLD-TDP type C, and 7 patients with Pick’s disease. Abbreviations for c are: Ct = control, G = FTD-GRN, A = FTLD-TDP type A, C = FTLD-TDP type C, P = Pick’s disease. Scale bars in f and g represent 50 μm