Table 2.

Associations of socioeconomic status with buccal DNA-methylation measures

	r	95% CI	p
PhenoAge Accel.	− 0.08	− 0.139, − 0.018	0.011
GrimAge Accel.	− 0.13	− 0.190, − 0.071	< 0.001
DunedinPACE	− 0.10	− 0.154, − 0.034	0.002
Epigenetic-g	0.06	− 0.003, 0.117	0.064

Associations of socioeconomic status (average z-scored household income and education) with buccal DNA-methylation measures of accelerated biological aging (i.e., PhenoAge Acceleration, GrimAge Acceleration), pace of biological aging (i.e., DunedinPACE) and DNAm-predicted cognitive performance (i.e., Epigenetic-g)