Table 1.
Basic characteristics of included studies
| Author, year | Country | Health status | Sample sizes (intervention/Control) | Male (n, %) | Age (mean year) | BMI (kg/m2) | Intervention | Daily dose | Control | Duration (weeks) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hossein, 2021 [18] | Iran | NAFLD | 31/31 | 41, 66.13% | 12.6 | 26.7 | L-carnitine | 1000 mg | Placebo | 12 | ①③⑤ |
| Shirin, 2015 (1) [17] | Iran | NASH | 36/35 | 23, 34.33% | 43.3 | 31.3 | L-carnitine | 2000 mg | Placebo | 12 | ③ |
| Shirin, 2015 (2) [16] | Iran | NASH | 36/35 | 23, 34.33% | 43.3 | 31.3 | L-carnitine | 2000 mg | Placebo | 12 | ④ |
| Pezhman, 2016 [13] | Iran | NAFLD | 30/30 | 38, 63.33% | 59.5 | 29.1 | L-carnitine | 2250 mg | Placebo | 12 | ①② |
| Bae, 2015 [32] | Korea | NAFLD | 39/39 | 54, 69.23% | 51.3 | 27.5 | C-carnitine | 900 mg | Placebo | 12 | ①②③⑤ |
| Hong, 2014 [33] | Korea | NAFLD | 26/26 | 36, 69.23% | 51.8 | 27.1 | C-carnitine | 900 mg | Placebo | 12 | ①②③④⑤ |
| Mariano, 2010 [34] | Italy | NASH | 36/38 | 40, 54.05% | 47.8 | 26.5 | L-carnitine | 2000 mg | Placebo | 24 | ①②③ |
| Mohamad, 2014 [35] | Iran | NAFLD | 40/40 | 66, 82.50% | 40.7 | 29.0 | L-carnitine | 500 mg | Placebo | 24 | ①③ |
NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, C-carnitine carnitine-orotate complex
① Liver function tests (AST, ALT, γ-GT); ② lipid profile tests (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride); ③ body indicators (BMI, weight, waist circumference); ④ inflammatory factors (hs-CRP); and ⑤ adverse events