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. 2023 Apr 25;10:713–724. doi: 10.2147/JHC.S384751

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© 2023 Costante et al.

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Natural history of HBV and HBV/HDV infected patients. Chronic HBV infection occurs in 90% of infected children and up to 10% of infected adults, while HDV superinfection orcoinfection lead to chronic disease in 10% and 77% of exposed patients, respectively. Compared with HBV mono-infection, HDV/HBV coinfection more frequently leads to liver cirrhosis (OR 3.84), and in a shorter time. The risk of HCC development is increased in both HBV mono-infection and HBV/HDV coinfection (OR 1.66). Image created with Biorender.com.

Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; HDV, hepatitis delta virus; OR, odds ratio.