Table 2.

Roles and responsibilities of actors involved in MHEWS.

Operational level	Actors	Responsibilities
Local level	Communities	Involve in all aspects of the establishment and operation of early warning systems, be aware of the hazards and potential impacts to which they are exposed, and be able to take actions to minimize the threat of loss or damage
	Local governments	Assess hazards to which their communities are exposed and be actively involved in the design and maintenance of early warning systems
National level	National governments	High-level policies and frameworks that facilitate early warning and for the technical systems that predict and issue national hazard warnings
Regional level	Regional institutions and organizations	Providing specialized knowledge and advice which support national efforts to develop and sustain early warning capabilities in countries that share a common geographical environment
International level	International level	Providing coordination, standardization and support for national early warning activities and fostering the exchange of data and knowledge between individual countries and regions
Other stakeholders	Non-government organizations	Help raise awareness among individuals, communities and organizations involved in early warning, particularly at the community level
	The media	Improving the disaster consciousness of the general population and disseminating early warnings
	The private sector	Development of early warning capabilities by private organizations
	The academic community	Providing specialized scientific and technical input to assist governments and communities in developing and improving early warning systems

Adopted from [51].