Table II.

Multi-variate regression analysis of risk factors for death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV) and requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for either all patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza and the subgroup of patients with acute respiratory main diagnosis (RMD) alone

Factor	Outcome	RMD alone			All patients with COVID-19 or influenza
		Coefficient	Standard error	P-value	Coefficient	Standard error	P-value
SARS-CoV-2 wild-type wave compared with influenza	Death	0.143	0.050	0.004	0.112	0.032	0.001
	ICU	0.269	0.050	0.000	0.193	0.032	0.000
	MV	0.225	0.040	0.000	0.151	0.024	0.000
	ECMO	0.053	0.018	0.004	0.040	0.009	0.000
SARS-CoV-2 Alpha wave compared with influenza	Death	0.101	0.052	0.053	0.116	0.035	0.001
	ICU	0.148	0.052	0.005	0.109	0.035	0.002
	MV	0.081	0.042	0.051	0.055	0.026	0.033
	ECMO	0.009	0.019	0.629	0.008	0.010	0.418
SARS-CoV-2 Delta wave compared with influenza	Death	0.092	0.052	0.078	0.085	0.035	0.014
	ICU	0.150	0.053	0.004	0.103	0.035	0.003
	MV	0.085	0.042	0.042	0.051	0.026	0.046
	ECMO	0.020	0.019	0.284	0.015	0.010	0.134
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 wave compared with influenza	Death	0.028	0.053	0.599	0.021	0.028	0.449
	ICU	0.026	0.053	0.630	0.014	0.028	0.616
	MV	0.005	0.042	0.900	0.008	0.021	0.713
	ECMO	0.002	0.019	0.909	0.000	0.008	0.972
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 wave compared with influenza	Death	-0.021	0.054	0.697	-0.012	0.028	0.662
	ICU	-0.014	0.054	0.793	-0.031	0.028	0.268
	MV	-0.005	0.043	0.902	-0.005	0.020	0.821
	ECMO	0.002	0.019	0.918	0.001	0.008	0.934
Age (life years)	Death	0.007	0.001	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.000
	ICU	-0.003	0.001	0.003	-0.001	0.001	0.166
	MV	-0.001	0.001	0.525	0.000	0.000	0.893
	ECMO	0.000	0.000	0.258	0.000	0.000	0.295
Male gender	Death	0.001	0.030	0.972	-0.009	0.017	0.611
	ICU	0.035	0.030	0.239	0.036	0.017	0.037
	MV	0.021	0.024	0.377	0.024	0.013	0.052
	ECMO	0.011	0.011	0.318	0.007	0.005	0.133
Diabetes mellitus	Death	-0.012	0.034	0.730	0.015	0.021	0.466
	ICU	0.000	0.034	0.999	-0.021	0.021	0.313
	MV	0.012	0.027	0.648	-0.013	0.015	0.384
	ECMO	-0.002	0.012	0.886	-0.003	0.006	0.628
Arterial hypertonia	Death	-0.073	0.036	0.047	-0.082	0.022	0.000
	ICU	0.068	0.037	0.063	0.037	0.022	0.089
	MV	0.023	0.029	0.433	0.009	0.016	0.589
	ECMO	0.005	0.013	0.706	0.004	0.006	0.526
Cancer	Death	0.191	0.096	0.047	0.116	0.040	0.004
	ICU	0.188	0.096	0.051	-0.023	0.040	0.572
	MV	0.176	0.077	0.022	0.026	0.029	0.371
	ECMO	0.052	0.035	0.136	0.011	0.011	0.354
Renal failure	Death	-0.011	0.036	0.758	0.022	0.023	0.338
	ICU	-0.050	0.036	0.164	0.009	0.023	0.681
	MV	-0.022	0.028	0.446	0.022	0.017	0.182
	ECMO	-0.016	0.013	0.226	-0.007	0.006	0.265
Haematological malignancies	Death	0.118	0.071	0.096	0.073	0.047	0.119
	ICU	0.040	0.072	0.580	0.021	0.047	0.650
	MV	0.003	0.057	0.958	-0.001	0.034	0.978
	ECMO	-0.014	0.026	0.577	-0.006	0.013	0.654
Neurological disease	Death	-0.007	0.036	0.847	0.030	0.021	0.158
	ICU	0.055	0.036	0.128	0.086	0.021	0.000
	MV	0.066	0.029	0.022	0.049	0.016	0.002
	ECMO	-0.001	0.013	0.937	-0.001	0.006	0.925
Chronic respiratory disease	Death	-0.011	0.038	0.773	-0.002	0.025	0.924
	ICU	0.064	0.038	0.094	0.033	0.025	0.179
	MV	0.046	0.030	0.133	0.032	0.018	0.073
	ECMO	0.008	0.014	0.569	0.006	0.007	0.385
Chronic heart disease	Death	0.027	0.035	0.450	0.037	0.022	0.091
	ICU	0.006	0.035	0.855	0.014	0.022	0.527
	MV	0.026	0.028	0.352	0.010	0.016	0.536
	ECMO	0.007	0.013	0.600	0.003	0.006	0.683

SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.

Bold values denote statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level.