Table 2.
Summary of patients’ characteristics
| Id | Study |
Number at Follow-up |
Gender |
Age (Years) |
Education (Years) |
Disease Duration (Years) |
Time from the DBS (Months) |
LEDD mg/day | UPDRS-III | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | F | Before DBS | After DBS | pre-DBS | post DBS | |||||||
| 1. | Pillon et al. (2000) | 56 | 33 | 23 | 54.1 (7) | 12.7(3.8) | 15.6 (4.1) | 3 & 12 |
STN: 1110 (570) GPi: 744 (264) |
STN: 348 (292) GPi:873 (478) |
STN: 49.8 (14.8) GPi: 49.8 (14.8) |
N.S |
| 2. | Dujardin et al. (2001) | 9 of 11 | 6 | 3 | 54.78 (8.15) | 11.67 (2.83) | 13.11 (2.93) | 3 & 12 | 1525 (534) | 1051 (527) | 21.66 (4.88) | 7.50 (2.74) |
| 3. | Woods et al. (2001) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 70.83 (8.75) | 13 (3.52) | 7.33 (2.66) | 12 | N.S | N.S | 23.60 (11.55) | 23 (10.99) |
| 4. | Daniele et al. (2003) | 20 | 11 | 9 | 57.0 (7.8) | 11.8 (5.2) | 14.2 (5.4) | 3. 6 & 12 | 1395.8 (644.1) | 500.7 (328.8) | 24.0 (9.0) | 22.1 (12.3) |
| 5. | Moretti et al. (2003) | 18 | 6 | 3 | 68.7 (7.89) | 11.34 (5.67) | 8.91 (2.34) | 1. 6 & 12 | 1432 | 668 | 61.72 | 26.32 (6.26) |
| 6. | Funkiewiez (2004) | 77 of 84 | 43 | 34 | 55 (8) | N.S | 15 (5) | 12 & 24 | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 7. | Smeding et al. (2005) | 14 | 5 | 9 | 62.1 (8.1) | 10.2 (3.1) | 11 (7–20) | 6 & 12 | 1260 (340–2614) | 1110 (410–2904) | N.S | N.S |
| 8. | Castelli et al. (2006) | 72 of 79 | 38 | 27 | 60.5 (6.5) | 8.7 (4.2) | 15.1 (5.1) | 15 (12–20) | 1.010.5 (419.9) | 447.1 (284.8) | 54.4 (13.4) | 27.2 (11.7) |
| 9. | Cilia et al. (2007) | 20 | 14 | 6 | 59.1 (7.4) | N.S | 13.2 (3.1) | 12 | 951 (465) | 316 (295) | 14.8 (8.1) | 10.4 (6.1) |
| 10. | Contarino et al. (2007) | 26 of 41 | 7 | 4 | 57.5 (7.4) | 11.0 (5.1) | 15.5 (5.6) | 12 & 60 | 1406.55 (750.15) | 427.66 (354.89) | 24.27 (8.68) | 20.82 (12.11) |
| 11. | Klempírová et al. (2007) | 19 | 13 | 6 | 57.4 (6) | N.S | 14.9 (4) | 11—14 | 769 (341) | 510 (270) | N.S | N.S |
| 12. | Ory‐Magne et al. (2007) | 45 of 47 | 26 | 19 | 60.1 (8.7) | N.S | 13.5 (3.6) | 12. 24 | 1466 (665) | 595 (437) | 18.1 (8.2) | 13.8 (9.4) |
| 13. | Rothlind et al. (2007) |
STN: 23 of 27 GPi: 19 of 28 |
33 | 9 |
STN: 61.4 (10.11) GPi: 60.2 (8.83) |
STN: 15.2(3.21) GPi: 15.6(2.22) |
STN: 12.9 (4.3) GPi: 13.3(6.4) |
15 |
STN: 1925.9 (968.5) GPi: 1655.7 (874.4) |
N.S |
STN: 49.9(16.18) GPi: 44(15) |
N.S |
| 14. | Witjas et al. (2007) | 40 | 30 | 10 | 59 (8) | N.S | 12.4 (4.5) | 12 | 1091.9 (374.8) | 460.2 (299.1) | 11.8 (5.8) | 6.9 (14.5) |
| 15. | Fraraccio et al. (2008) | 15 of 16 | 9 | 6 | 58.1 (7.46) | 11.3 (3.97) | 13.6 (4.39) | 13.6 (4.39) | N.S | 854.7 (500.03) | 27.2 (10.2) | 8.4 (5.1) |
| 16. | Heo et al. (2008) | 46 | 18 | 28 | 46.11 (10.6) | 7.98 (4.48) | 11.63 (5.67) | 6 & 12 | 798.94 (384.98) | N.S | 20.28 (12.07) | N.S |
| 17. | Zangaglia et al. (2009) |
ODT 33 DBS 32 |
ODT 20 DBS 18 |
ODT 13 DBS 14 |
ODT 62.52 (6.8) DBS 58.8 (7.7) |
ODT 7.5 (3.5) DBS 7.31 (3.21) |
ODT 9.97 (4.8) DBS 11.8 (5) |
36 | 617.19 (303.57) | 722.66 (350.37) |
ODT 19.16 (8.0) DBS 18.03 (8.3) |
ODT 23.7 (8.9) DBS 22.81 (8.9) |
| 18. | Castelli et al. (2010) |
ODT 31 DBS 27 |
ODT 17 DBS 16 |
ODT 16 DBS 15 |
ODT 60.6 (6.7) DBS 60.2 (6.6) |
ODT 8. (4.1) DBS 9.0 (4.1) |
ODT 15.3 (5.1) DBS 15.6 (5.2) |
12 |
DBS 1046.1 (436.4) ODT 1071.3 (370.3) |
N.S |
ODT 49.6 (11.9) DBS 55.0 (11.3) |
N.S |
| 19. | Follett et al. (2010) |
STN: 147 GPi: 152 |
GPi 133 STN 116 |
GPi 19 STN 31 |
GPi: 61.9 ± 8.7 STN: 61.8 ± 8.7 |
N.S |
GPi: 11.5 ± 5.4 STN: 11.1 ± 5.0 |
24 |
GPi: 1361 ± 545 STN: 1295 ± 585 |
GPi: 1118 ± 562 STN: 887 ± 545 |
GPi: 41.8 ± 13.1 STN: 43.0 ± 15.0 |
GPi: N.S STN: N.S |
| 20. | Kishore et al. (2010) | 45 | 27 | 18 | 55.4 ± 10.9 | N.S | 11.1 ± 5.7 | 12, 36, 60 | 669.8 ± 359.7 | 415.3 ± 365.6 | 48.1 ± 13.6 | 46.6 ± 18.6 |
| 21. | Mikos et al. (2010) |
ODT 19 DBS 24 |
ODT 12 DBS 20 |
ODT 7 DBS 4 |
ODT 64.7 (6.6) DBS 61.7 (4.9) |
ODT 15.4 (2.9) DBS 14.1 (2.6) |
ODT 6.3 (5.7) DBS 11.5 (5.3) |
16 | 1110.0 (533.5) | N.S |
ODT 25.3 (8.5) DBS 22.9 (8.1) |
N.S |
| 22. | Smeding et al. (2011) | 145 |
ODT: 22 STN: 63 |
ODT: 18 STN: 22 |
ODT: 63.5 (9.2) STN: 58.4 (7.8) |
ODT: 12.2 (2.9) STN: 11.1 (2.9) |
ODT: 10 (7.15) STN: 13 (10.18) |
12 |
ODT: 545 (405.886) STN: 800 (553. 1174) |
N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 23. | Williams et al. (2011) |
ODT: 18 STN: 19 |
ODT:15 STN:10 |
ODT: 3 STN: 9 |
ODT: 66.6 (9.0) STN: 62.1 (10.3) |
ODT: 16.6 (1.20) STN: 13.6 (1.71) |
ODT: 7.50 (4.22) STN: 10.1 (6.24) |
24 |
ODT: 468.4 (293.0) STN: 1017.6 (411.2) |
N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 24. | Zibetti et al. (2011) | STN: 14 | STN:9 | STN: 5 | STN: 60.4 (6.5) | N.S | STN: 17.0 (4.7) | 12 & 60 | 955 (406) | 412 (265) | 16.5 (11.0) | 11.4 (6.8) |
| 25. | Sjöberg et al. (2012) |
B: 10 U: 6 |
B: 6 U: 5 |
B: 4 U: 1 |
B: 60.6 (6.8) U: 59.5 (11.1) |
N.S |
B: 8 (3.08) U: 5.1 (2.8) |
6 & 18 |
B: 428.1 (350) U: 435.3 (461.3) |
N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 26. | Yamanaka et al. (2012) | 30 | 7 | 23 | 61.0 ± 9.1 | 12.5 ± 4.5 | 11.5 ± 5.7 | 1 & 12 | 654 ± 273 (325–1475) | 170 ± 151 (0–550) | 22.4 ± 9.1 (1–42) | 13.6 ± 6.9 (0–28) |
| 27. | Kim et al. (2013) | 36 | 18 | 18 | 56.8 ± 8.0 | N.S | 9.7 ± 4.1 | 6 & 12 | 1038.7 ± 473.9 | 266.0 ± 317.4 | 16.8 ± 10.0 | 15.8 ± 9.0 |
| 28. | Schuepbach et al. (2013) |
ODT: 127 STN: 124 |
ODT: 85 STN: 94 |
ODT: 42 STN: 30 |
ODT: 52.2 ± 6.1 STN: 52.9 ± 6.6 |
N.S |
ODT: 7.7 ± 2.7 STN: 7.3 ± 3.1 |
5. 12. 24 |
ODT: 950.3 ± 21.3 STN: 935.6 ± 21.5 |
ODT: 1196.1 ± 18.8 STN: 572.3 ± 19.4 |
ODT: 950.3 ± 21.3 STN: 935.6 ± 21.5 |
ODT: 1196.1 ± 18.8 STN: 572.3 ± 19.4 |
| 29. | Asahi et al. (2014) | 11 | 6 | 5 | 60.5 (43—72) | 10.6 | 10.1 (5–14) | 3. 12. 60. 120 | 487.6 ± 150.5 | 296.7 ± 176.3 | 18.5 ± 9.1 | 13.5 ± 5.0 |
| 30. | Janssen et al. (2014) | 26 | 18 | 8 | 58.0 ± 6.9 (43 − 70) | N.S | 12.7 ± 5.1 (1 − 20) | 3. 12. 60. 120 | 824 ± 479 | 490 ± 298 | 21.2 ± 12.7 | 13.0 ± 6.4 |
| 31. | Merola et al. (2014) | 134 | 78 | 56 |
60.32 ± 6.12 (40–70) |
N.S |
13.93 ± 4.78 (7–28) |
12. 36. 60 |
1.061.94 ± 357.04 (100–2.300) |
N.S | 1.68 ± 1.47 | N.S |
| 32. | Rizzone et al. (2014) | 26 of 30 | 18 | 8 |
68.5 ± 7.2 (54—81) |
N.S | 15.3 ± 5.8 (7/28) | 12. 60. 132 | 1058.2 ± 566.8 | 451.7 ± 345.3 | 20.7 ± 10.0 (5—45) | 15.7 ± 9 |
| 33. | Jiang et al. (2015) | 17 of 24 | 9 | 8 | 59.4 ± 9.3 64.2 | N.S | 9.3 ± 2.9 | 12. 36. 60 | 660.4 ± 210.1 | 361.3 ± 250.9 | 15.6 ± 6.2 | 13.8 ± 5.8 |
| 34. | Odekerken et al. (2015) |
128 of 142 STN: 56 GPi: 58 |
STN: 42 GPi: 40 |
STN: 14 GPi: 18 |
STN: 60.3 (7.4) GPi: 59.2 (7.7) |
STN: 12.4 (3.4) GPi: 11.5 (2.8) |
STN: 12.3 (5.5) GPi: 10.9 (4.0) |
12 |
STN: 1.200 (900–1428.8) GPi: 1.226 (892.5–1655 |
N.S |
STN: 44·4 (15·5) GPi: 43·8 (13·5) |
STN: 24·1 (14·4) GPi: 32·4 (12·6) |
| 35. | Tang et al. (2015) | 27 | 18 | 9 | 55.53 ± 6.10 | 10.72 ± 5.34 | 10.12 ± 3.82 | 6. 12 | N.S | N.S |
14.28 ± 8.30 (3–31) |
16.50 ± 9.28 (4–39) |
| 36. | Tramontana et al. (2015) |
STN: 15 ODT: 15 |
STN: 14 ODT: 13 |
STN: 1 ODT: 2 |
STN: 60 (6.8) ODT: 60 (7) |
N.S | N.S | 12. 24 | N.S | N.S |
STN: 11.1 (6.9) ODT: 12.3 (6.4) |
N.S |
| 37. | Boel et al. (2016) |
STN: 62 of 63 GPi: 58 of 65 |
STN: 44 GPi: 44 |
STN: 26 GPi: 24 |
STN: 60.9 (7.6) GPi: 59.1 (7.8) |
N.S |
STN: 12 (5.3) GPi: 10.8 (4.2) |
12. 36 |
STN: 43 (68) GPi: 43 (69) |
N.S |
STN: 44·4 (15·5) GPi: 43·8 (13·5) |
STN: 24·1 (14·4) GPi: 32·4 (12·6) |
| 38. | Tröster et al. (2017) | 101 | 63 | 38 | 60.6 (8.3) | N.S | 12.1 (4.9) | 3 & 12 | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 39. | Foki et al. (2018) |
STN: 19 ODT: 25 |
DBS: 7 ODT: 14 |
DBS: 12 ODT: 14 |
DBS: 59.5 (10.2) ODT: 63 (6.6) |
DBS: 10.1 (2.3) ODT: 10.5 (2.3) |
N.S | 12 | N.S | N.S |
DBS: 25.4 ± 11.4 ODT: 28.4 ± 12.7 |
N.S |
| 40. | Acera et al. (2019) | 40 of 50 | 18 | 32 | 62.2 (8.2) | N.S | 14.1 (6.3) | 12. 60 | 887.44 (412.86) | 661.97 (413.37) | 17.42 (7.16) | 16.76 (7.23) |
| 41. | Liu et al. (2019) | 45 | 21 | 24 | 61.80 ± 8.08 | N.S | 11.16 (5.2) | 12 | 996.67 ± 398.72 | 417.85 ± 235.51 | 48.49 ± 13.08 19.98 | 31.60 ± 12.20 |
| 42. | Pusswald et al. (2019) |
STN:22 ODT: 28 |
DBS: 10 ODT: 15 |
DBS: 12 ODT: 13 |
DBS: 59.69 (10.28) ODT: 63.1 (7.43) |
DBS: 10.77 (3.69) ODT: 10.57 (2.64) |
N.S | 12 | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 43. | Dietrich et al. (2020) | 32 | 20 | 12 | 62.3 | 10.3 ± 1.7 | 11.0 ± 5.3 | 24 | 1263 ± 861 | 1020 ± 679 | 36 ± 18 | 14 |
| 44. | Jost et al. (2021) |
STN: 40 ODT: 40 |
DBS: 25 ODT: 27 |
DBS: 15 ODT: 13 |
DBS: 62.2 (8.6) ODT: 63.8 (10.4) |
N.S |
DBS: 9.7 (4.7) ODT: 8.3 (4.9) |
36 |
DBS: 1066 (468.2) ODT: 885.2 (355.3) |
DBS: 664.7 (436.6) ODT: 961.3 (397.8) |
N.S | N.S |
| 45. | Leimbach et al. (2020) |
STN: 19 ODT: 9 |
DBS: 12 ODT: 5 |
DBS: 7 ODT: 4 |
DBS: 57.42 (7.5) ODT: 59.33 (6.12) |
DBS: 13.87 (3.49) ODT: 16.11 (4.43) |
DBS: 13.47 (3.91) ODT: 10.11 (5.02) |
12/24 | N.S | N.S |
DBS: 49.53 (17.91) ODT: 18.71 (12.48) |
DBS: 21 (13.53) |
| 46. | Mulders et al. (2021) | 49 | 31 | 18 | 61.1 (8.5) | N.S | 11.14 (2.64) | 12 | 1346.1 (629.9) | 617.9 (476.5) | 37.7 (12.5) | 18.8 (9.8) |
| 47. | You et al. (2020) |
STN:20 ODT: 20 |
DBS: 10 ODT: 10 |
DBS: 10 ODT: 10 |
DBS: 59 (4.23) ODT: 58.35 (6.77) |
N.S |
DBS: 9.55 (2.35) ODT: 8.65 (2.3) |
12 |
DBS: 785 (236) ODT: 773 (352) |
DBS: 407 (197) ODT: 832 (260) |
DBS: 48.5 (14.4) ODT: 46.7 (11.1) |
DBS: 45.8 (10.4) ODT: 47.3 (11.1) |
| 48. | Volonté et al. (2021) | 18 | 13 | 5 | 45 ± 7 (30–56) | 10 ± 4 (3–16) | 11 ± 4 (6–20) | 12, 108, 168 |
1163.8 ± 375.3 (520.4–1790) |
690.2 ± 426.5 (140.7–1737.5) | 40.9 ± 11.2 (21–65) | 35.7 ± 9.6 (18–59) |
LEDD levodopa-equivalent daily dose, STN subthalamic nucleus, GPi internal globus pallidus, N.S. not specified, DBS deep brain stimulation, U unilateral electrical stimulation, B bilateral electrical stimulation, ODT optimal drug therapy (control group)
• time from the DBS (months): in bold the time point after DBS taken into consideration by our analysis