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. 2023 Apr 29;6:84. doi: 10.1038/s42004-023-00875-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a − 1.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl and (b) −2.12 V vs. Ag/AgCl, on Ag(111) surface with and without [EMIM]⁺. The reaction pathway was described in the presence (blue) or absence (red) of [EMIM]⁺. Top view of intermediate state geometries for the activation of CO₂ (c) and adsorption of COOH (d) on Ag(111) surface in the presence of [EMIM]⁺. Ag atoms are represented in gray, C atoms in black, O atoms in red, N atoms in blue and H in white.