Table 1.
Phenolic, flavonoids and isoflavonoids screening of crude alcoholic extracts of air-dried fenugreek leaves (ADFL), unprocessed fenugreek seeds (UFS), soaked fenugreek seeds (SFS), germinated fenugreek seeds (GFS) and boiled fenugreek seeds (BFS) by HPLC (mg 100 g−1 D.W.).
| Compound | Rt* (min) | ADFL | Seeds | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UFS | SFS | GFS | BFS | |||
| Phenolic compounds | ||||||
| Pyrogallol | 4.823 | 55.83 | 48.11 | 51.71 | 46.25 | 69.88 |
| Gallic acid | 5.347 | 0.73 | 0.42 | 0.66 | 1.13 | 0.29 |
| 3-hydroxy tyrosol | 6.227 | 5.39 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 1.56 | 0.20 |
| Catechol | 6.727 | 1.91 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.05 |
| 4-amino benzoic acid | 6.801 | 5.59 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 1.21 | 0.09 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 7.701 | 81.78 | 5.26 | 7.84 | 7.22 | 3.82 |
| Benzoic acid | 7.767 | 10.56 | 2.51 | 3.78 | 3.17 | 1.83 |
| P-hydroxy benzoic | 7.770 | 14.69 | 3.50 | 5.26 | 4.41 | 2.54 |
| Vanillic acid | 8.303 | 4.80 | 18.26 | 21.40 | 6.84 | 6.95 |
| Caffeic acid | 8.372 | 1.64 | 4.01 | 3.83 | 4.14 | 1.47 |
| Caffeine | 8.482 | 6.46 | 32.86 | 40.85 | 66.34 | 12.32 |
| Ferulic acid | 10.026 | 20.07 | 7.48 | 8.26 | 18.91 | 5.27 |
| Salicylic acid | 10.917 | 14.99 | 5.04 | 5.31 | 14.85 | 0.00 |
| Oleoropine | 11.195 | 162.73 | 20.68 | 0.00 | 50.88 | 5.16 |
| Ellagic acid | 11.534 | 23.60 | 2.67 | 51.71 | 6.12 | 1.14 |
| Coumarin | 11.779 | 11.28 | 0.89 | 0.66 | 1.18 | 0.84 |
| Flavonoid compounds | ||||||
| Isorhamnetin | 2.352 | 1.57 | 1.25 | 1.76 | 2.69 | 1.56 |
| Catechin | 7.122 | 77.65 | 14.19 | 12.36 | 40.09 | 4.15 |
| Apigenin-6-O-arabinose-8-O-galactose | 10.040 | 71.19 | 38.65 | 40.20 | 80.55 | 28.17 |
| Hesperidin | 10.753 | 24.60 | 83.70 | 67.45 | 110.30 | 102.00 |
| Luteoline-7-O-glucoside | 10.795 | 2.73 | 2.34 | 1.34 | 2.55 | 2.40 |
| Rosmarinic | 10.825 | 4.28 | 1.01 | 0.64 | 2.20 | 1.57 |
| Rutin | 10.971 | 1.63 | 3.30 | 6.32 | 10.75 | 3.32 |
| Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 11.527 | 20.06 | 1.59 | 1.95 | 3.64 | 0.55 |
| Quercitrin | 11.909 | 4.92 | 15.93 | 11.32 | 12.29 | 27.65 |
| Naringin | 13.096 | 1.77 | 0.86 | 1.05 | 1.61 | 0.20 |
| Naringenin | 13.112 | 5.26 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.75 |
| Quercetin | 13.253 | 9.84 | 1.58 | 1.48 | 2.39 | 0.71 |
| Kaempferol-3,2-p-coumaroyl glucose | 13.809 | 48.04 | 3.77 | 4.69 | 8.57 | 1.00 |
| Kaempferol | 14.599 | 3.15 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.84 | ND |
| Apigenin | 14.886 | 3.21 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| Isoflavonoids(Phytoestrogens) | ||||||
| Daidazein | 3.102 | 3.14 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.79 | 0.14 |
| Genistein | 3.934 | 0.85 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.69 | 0.10 |
| Isoformononetin | 6.153 | 3.87 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.05 |
| Biochanin A | 9.272 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Rt retention time, ND not detected.