. 2023 Apr 29;13:7032. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31888-y

Table 3.

Antibacterial activity of fenugreek leaves, unprocessed and processed seeds against foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains.

Pathogenic bacteria	Inhibition zones (mm) (Mean ± STDEV*)
	Negative control	Positive control	ADFL	Fenugreek seeds
	Negative control	Positive control	ADFL	UFS	SFS	GFS	BFS
(1) B. cereus	0	25.91 ± 2.00^b	11.87 ± 1.01^a	8.99 ± 0.54^cd	7.15 ± 0.42^c	7.41 ± 0.49^c	7.00 ± 0.411^b
(2) L. monocytogenes	0	20.66 ± 1.46^c	10.00 ± 0.79^bc	9.42 ± 0.61^c	8.01 ± 0.50^b	8.72 ± 0.51^b	7.60 ± 0.51^b
(3) S. sciuri	0	28.97 ± 2.02^a	11.61 ± 0.10^a	9.72 ± 0.72^c	7.80 ± 0.51^c	7.83 ± 0.42^c	7.15 ± 0.42^b
(4) S. aureus	0	25.86 ± 1.94^b	11.30 ± 0.79^a	8.83 ± 0.56^cd	7.43 ± 0.44^c	7.61 ± 0.50^c	7.31 ± 0.42^b
(5) E. coli O157 H7	0	10.88 ± 0.88^e	10.09 ± 0.89^bc	9.31 ± 0.50^c	8.33 ± 0.51^b	8.41 ± 0.54^b	8.50 ± 0.50^a
(6) S. typhi	0	25.06 ± 1.97^b	11.60 ± 0.79^a	10.35 ± 0.82^b	9.52 ± 0.60^a	9.71 ± 0.71^a	7.77 ± 0.40^b
(7) S. enterica	0	25.96 ± 2.02^b	10.71 ± 0.69^a	11.11 ± 0.79^a	9.34 ± 0.57^a	9.52 ± 0.63^a	8.18 ± 0.51^a
(8) P. aeruginosa	0	16.00 ± 1.94^d	9.11 ± 0.58^c	9.42 ± 0.75^cc	9.00 ± 0.52^ab	9.15 ± 0.60^a	8.12 ± 0.50^a

n = 3, *STDEV: Standard deviation, Different subscripts within column are significantly different at the 5% level, Negative control: DMSO, Positive control: Tetracycline.