Table 1.
Adipose tissue and clinical characteristics of included male patients
| Variables | Total male (n = 614) |
Non-VO group (n = 243) |
VO group (n = 371) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.01 ± 11.91 | 53.44 ± 12.18 | 52.73 ± 11.73 | 0.464 |
| DM duration (years) | 7.93 ± 6.86 | 8.40 ± 7.34 | 7.61 ± 6.52 | 0.174 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.05 ± 3.62 | 23.65 ± 2.58 | 27.62 ± 3.33 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.50 ± 17.41 | 132.19 ± 16.86 | 137.6 8 ± 17.44 | 0.564 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.35 ± 13.1 | 79.19 ± 11.68 | 84.42 ± 13.58 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 146.20 ± 19.40 | 142.31 ± 22.85 | 148.77 ± 16.26 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 66.35 ± 15.86 | 64.01 ± 15.13 | 67.91 ± 16.17 | 0.003 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.96 ± 3.84 | 5.93 ± 3.60 | 5.98 ± 4.00 | 0.888 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.51 (1.00,2.43) | 1.02 (0.76,1.39) | 1.92 (1.39,3.19) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.57 ± 1.61 | 4.26 ± 1.09 | 4.78 ± 1.84 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.13 ± 0.40 | 1.19 ± 0.37 | 1.08 ± 0.41 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.67 ± 1.18 | 2.60 ± 0.84 | 2.71 ± 1.36 | 0.188 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 43.88 ± 4.56 | 43.17 ± 5.00 | 44.34 ± 4.17 | 0.003 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 19.40 (14.10,30.20) | 17.40 (13.00,24.15) | 21.40 (15.20,35.90) | < 0.001 |
| FT3 (pmol/L) | 4.59 ± 1.34 | 4.58 ± 1.49 | 4.61 ± 1.23 | 0.302 |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 17.25 ± 7.43 | 17.25 ± 7.16 | 17.25 ± 7.61 | 0.962 |
| TSH (pmol/L) | 2.23 ± 1.72 | 2.02 ± 1.35 | 2.37 ± 1.92 | 0.180 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.84 ± 2.18 | 8.73 ± 2.40 | 8.92 ± 2.03 | 0.335 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 9.57 ± 3.96 | 8.99 ± 4.07 | 9.95 ± 3.85 | 0.004 |
| TyG index | 9.40 ± 0.96 | 8.88 ± 0.80 | 9.74 ± 0.91 | < 0.001 |
| VAA (cm2) | 168.14 ± 82.77 | 89.85 ± 34.96 | 219.43 ± 62.36 | < 0.001 |
| SAA (cm2) | 131.05 ± 59.61 | 100.08 ± 44.02 | 151.34 ± 59.81 | < 0.001 |
| VSR | 1.34 ± 0.60 | 0.96 ± 0.40 | 1.59 ± 0.58 | < 0.001 |
| VAD (HU) | -90.03 ± 8.90 | -82.64 ± 8.97 | -94.88 ± 4.39 | < 0.001 |
| SAD (HU) | -92.81 ± 7.79 | -89.07 ± 9.55 | -95.26 ± 5.07 | < 0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking (%) | 374 (60.9) | 144 (59.3) | 230 (62.0) | 0.500 |
| Alcohol intake (%) | 418 (68.1) | 158 (65.0) | 260 (70.1) | 0.215 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 353 (57.5) | 89 (36.6) | 264 (71.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 291 (47.4) | 97 (39.9) | 194 (52.3) | 0.003 |
| Antidiabetic drugs (%) | 513 (83.6) | 202 (83.1) | 311 (83.8) | 0.825 |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors (%) | 35 (5.7) | 13 (5.3) | 22 (5.9) | 0.860 |
| GLP-1RAs (%) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 1.000 |
| Insulin (%) | 217 (35.3) | 94 (38.7) | 123 (33.2) | 0.168 |
| Thiazolidinediones (%) | 39 (6.4) | 15 (6.2) | 24 (6.5) | 1.000 |
| Statin drugs (%) | 114 (18.6) | 41 (16.9) | 73 (19.7) | 0.397 |
| Fibrates (%) | 11 (1.8) | 4 (1.7) | 7 (1.9) | 1.000 |
| Antihypertensive drugs (%) | 215 (35.1) | 57 (23.5) | 158 (42.8) | < 0.001 |
Abreviations: DM duration, diabetes mellitus duration; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SGLT-2 inhibitors, sodium-glucose transport protein-2 inhibitors; GLP-1RAs, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists