Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 96) | Refractory AML (n = 37) | Relapsed AML after chemotherapy (n = 16) | Relapsed AML after allo-HSCT (n = 43) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 45 (33–55) | 48 (38–57) | 45.5 (33–64) | 41 (32–52) | |
| Gender, No (%) | 0.47 | ||||
| Male | 51 (53.1) | 21 (56.8) | 10 (62.5) | 20 (46.5) | |
| Female | 45 (46.9) | 16 (43.2) | 6 (37.5) | 23 (53.5) | |
| Prior hypomethylating agent†, No (%) | 0.06 | ||||
| Yes | 36 (37.5) | 9 (24.3) | 9 (56.3) | 18 (41.9) | |
| No | 60 (62.5) | 28 (75.7) | 7 (43.8) | 25 (58.1) | |
| Cytogenetics‡, No (%) | 0.55 | ||||
| Favorable | 6 (6.3) | 4 (10.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | |
| Intermediate | 53 (55.2) | 18 (48.7) | 10 (62.5) | 25 (58.1) | |
| Poor | 27 (28.1) | 12 (32.4) | 3 (18.8) | 12 (27.9) | |
| Unknown | 10 (10.4) | 3 (8.1) | 3 (18.8) | 4 (9.3) | |
| ELN classification, No (%) | 0.68 | ||||
| Favorable | 17 (17.7) | 7 (18.9) | 2 (12.5) | 8 (18.6) | |
| Intermediate | 22 (22.9) | 10 (27.0) | 5 (31.3) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Adverse | 57 (59.4) | 20 (54.1) | 9 (56.3) | 28 (65.1) | |
| Number of VEN cycles, No (%) | 0.01 | ||||
| One | 45 (46.9) | 25 (67.6) | 6 (37.5) | 14 (32.6) | |
| Two | 42 (43.7) | 12 (32.4) | 8 (50.0) | 22 (51.2) | |
| Three | 9 (9.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (12.5) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Patients bridge to Allo-HSCT, No (%) | 40 (41.7) | 26 (70.3) | 7 (43.8) | 7 (16.3) | < 0.01 |
| Molecular abnormalities, No (%) | |||||
| NPM1 | 11 (11.5) | 3 (8.1) | 2 (12.5) | 6 (14.0) | 0.71 |
| AML1-ETO | 6 (6.3) | 4 (10.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | 0.28 |
| CEBPA | 10 (10.4) | 3 (8.1) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (11.6) | 0.84 |
| TET2 | 41 (42.7) | 13 (35.1) | 7 (43.8) | 21 (48.8) | 0.46 |
| DNMT3A | 18 (18.8) | 9 (24.3) | 2 (12.5) | 7 (16.3) | 0.51 |
| IDH1/2 | 14 (14.6) | 8 (21.6) | 3 (18.8) | 3 (7.0) | 0.16 |
| FLT3 | 19 (19.8) | 7 (18.9) | 2 (12.5) | 10 (23.3) | 0.64 |
| ASXL1 | 22 (22.9) | 7 (18.9) | 4 (25.0) | 11 (25.6) | 0.76 |
| RUNX1 | 22 (22.9) | 6 (16.2) | 3 (18.8) | 13 (30.2) | 0.30 |
| TP53 | 7 (7.3) | 4 (10.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.0) | 0.38 |
| MLL | 7 (7.3) | 2 (5.4) | 3 (18.8) | 2 (4.7) | 0.15 |
| EZH2 | 6 (6.3) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (6.3) | 4 (9.3) | 0.48 |
| BCL6 | 7 (7.3) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (6.3) | 5 (11.6) | 0.31 |
| BCOR | 7 (7.3) | 6 (16.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 0.03 |
| GATA2 | 5 (5.2) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (9.3) | 0.25 |
| RAS | 9 (9.4) | 6 (16.2) | 1 (6.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0.19 |
| CD101 | 8 (8.3) | 2 (5.4) | 1 (6.3) | 5 (11.6) | 0.57 |
Data are number of patients (%) or median (IQR)
AML acute myeloid leukemia, Allo-HSCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ELN European Leukemia Net, VEN venetoclax
†Prior hypomethylating agent included azacitidine in 21 patients and decitabine in 15 patients
‡Cytogenetic risks were based on 2017 European Leukemia Net risk stratification