Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of the CANVAS cohort by weight loss category and treatment*
| Group (N, %) | Gainers (G) 867 (10) |
Stable (S) 6936 (80) |
Losers (L) 853 (10) |
p (G vs. S) | p (L vs. S) | p Cana | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (% of group) |
Placebo 580 (67) |
Cana 287 (33) |
Placebo 2894 (42) |
Cana 4042 (58) |
Placebo 184 (22) |
Cana 669 (78) |
- | - | - |
| BMI change (kg/m 2 ) | + 1.6 [0.9] | + 1.6 [0.9] | − 0.2 [1.1] | − 0.8 [1.2] | − 3.0 [1.2] | − 3.0 [1.3] | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Weight change (kg) | + 4.5 [2.4] | + 4.5 [2.5] | − 0.6 [3.0] | − 2.2 [3.4] | − 8.2 [3.1] | − 8.7 [3.4] | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Percent weight change | + 5.0 | + 5.1 | − 0.7 | − 2.6 | − 8.9 | − 8.9 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Clinical phenotype | |||||||||
| Sex (% M) | 63 | 64 | 63 | 64 | 63 | 68 | ns | ns | < 0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 8 | 61 ± 8 | 64 ± 8 | 63 ± 8 | 64 ± 8 | 63 ± 9 | < 0.0001 | 0.0007 | 0.0060 |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 32.7 ± 6.3 | 32.5 ± 6.5 | 31.5 ± 5.5 | 31.3 ± 5.5 | 35.9 ± 6.5 | 35.1 ± 6.1 | 0.0019 | < 0.0001 | ns |
| Baseline body weight (kg) | 93 ± 22 | 92 ± 22 | 88 ± 19 | 88 ± 19 | 103 ± 21 | 102 ± 21 | 0.0009 | < 0.0001 | ns |
| eGFR (mL.min-1.1.73 m-2) | 76 ± 22 | 77 ± 22 | 76 ± 20 | 77 ± 20 | 76 ± 21 | 79 ± 20 | ns | ns | ns |
| Type 2 diabetes duration (years) | 12 [9] | 13 [9] | 13 [10] | 12 [9] | 13 [11] | 13 [10] | ns | ns | ns |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.28 ± 0.96 | 8.32 ± 1.03 | 8.22 ± 0.91 | 8.25 ± 0.94 | 8.25 ± 0.91 | 8.23 ± 0.92 | ns | ns | ns |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136 ± 16 | 135 ± 17 | 137 ± 15 | 136 ± 15 | 139 ± 17 | 137 ± 16 | ns | ns | ns |
| UACR (mg/g) | 14 [40] | 16 [40] | 12 [33] | 12 [32] | 14 [51] | 12 [31] | 0.0357 | 0.0150 | ns |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.15 [0.42] | 1.14 [0.38] | 1.14 [0.37] | 1.13 [0.38] | 1.18 ± 0.33 | 1.18 ± 0.33 | ns | ns | ns |
| Prior CVD (%) | 67 | 67 | 66 | 64 | 69 | 66 | ns | ns | ns |
| Prior MI (%) | 31 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 36 | 30 | ns | 0.0489 | ns |
| Prior HF (%) | 15 | 19 | 15 | 14 | 23 | 13 | ns | ns | ns |
| Smokers (%) | 16 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 21 | 23 | ns | 0.0005 | 0.0008 |
| Use of loop or non-loop diuretics (%) | 47 | 47 | 45 | 42 | 48 | 48 | 0.0451 | 0.0184 | 0.0097 |
| Use of antithrombotics (%) | 76 | 72 | 74 | 72 | 82 | 75 | ns | 0.0162 | 0.0322 |
| Use of statin (%) | 73 | 70 | 76 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 0.0211 | ns | ns |
| Use of RAAS inhibitors (%) | 78 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 79 | 81 | ns | ns | ns |
| Use of ß-blockers (%) | 57 | 55 | 53 | 53 | 70 | 51 | ns | ns | ns |
| Use of insulin (%) | 60 | 57 | 49 | 49 | 44 | 53 | < 0.0001 | ns | < 0.0001 |
| Use of metformin (%) | 73 | 72 | 80 | 78 | 77 | 79 | 0.0003 | ns | 0.0012 |
| Use of sulphonylureas (%) | 37 | 39 | 44 | 45 | 41 | 39 | 0.0002 | 0.0017 | < 0.0001 |
| Use of GLP-1 RA (%) | 8 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 7 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
*entries are mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. p (G vs. S) = Gainers vs. Stable and p (L vs. S) = Losers vs. Stable are computed by 2-way ANOVA or c2; pCana = Cana vs. Placebo is computed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system; GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HF, heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction