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. 2023 Apr 26;16:1193–1205. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S407177

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© 2023 Ren et al.

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Overexpression of SphK1 reverses the effects of BA on oxidative stress and inflammation in HG-treated HK-2 cells. (A–C) SOD activity (A), CAT activity (B), and MDA level (C) in HK-2 cells transfected with or without ov-SphK1 before treatment with HG (30 mM) or HG+BA (10 µM). (D–F) IL-1β secretion (D), IL-6 production (E), and TNF-α level (F) in the culture supernatant of HK-2 cells treated as indicated. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs control; ^##P<0.01 and ^###P<0.001 vs HG treatment; ^&P<0.05, ^&&P<0.01, and ^&&&P<0.001 vs HG+BA treatment.

Abbreviations: SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.