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. 2023 Apr 26;16:1193–1205. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S407177

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© 2023 Ren et al.

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BA alleviates HG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via the S1P/NF-κB pathway. (A–F) HK-2 cells transfected with or without ov-S1P were stimulated with HG, HG+BA, or HG+BA+BAY11-7085. SOD activity (A), CAT activity (B), and MDA level (C) in kidney tissues. IL-1β secretion (D), IL-6 production (E), and TNF-α expression (F) in serum samples. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs control; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01, and ^###P<0.001 vs HG treatment; ^&P<0.05 and ^&&P<0.01 vs HG+BA treatment; ^{^}P<0.05, ^{^^}P<0.01, and ^{^^^}P<0.001 vs ov-S1P+HG+BA treatment.

Abbreviations: SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.