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. 2023 Apr 20;9(5):e15595. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15595

Table 6.

Self-reported main symptoms besides fatigue and PEM, experienced by patients (N = 154).

Category Description Reported number
Sleep disturbance Insomnia/sleep rhythm disturbances 24
Unrefreshing sleep 16
Increased need for sleep 12
Neurocognitiv impairment Brain fog 61
Concentration impairment 37
Difficulty finding words 5
Slurry speech 5
Unspecified 2
Neuroendocrine manifestation Recurrent sub-febrile/febrile episodes 11
Poor thermoregulation 7
Anxiety 7
Feeling always cold 4
Heat/cold intolerance 2
Emotional sensibility 2
Lack of appetite 1
Sweating 1
Neurological Symptoms
  • Motor disturbance

  • - Muscle weakness (unable to stand for long, difficulty walking, need of a walking stick of wheelchair, it feels like a “paresis”

  • 86

  • 78

- Muscle cramps 2
- Poorly coordinated movements 6
Sensitivity to light/noise 29
Tinnitus 8
Visual impairments (blurry vision; inability to focus) 6
Neuropathy (paresthesia) 4
Seizure-like cramps 2
Extremety numbness 1
Tremors (hand, head) 1
Feeling like having had a stroke on the left side 1
Phantom smells (e.g. aceton) 1
Pain Muscle/joint 98
Headache/migranes/increased pressure behind the eyes or ears 39
Thorax pains 1
Immunological manifestation Feeling sick/flu-ish 18
Regular bouts of temperature or fever 7
Food allergies/intolerances 7
Recurrent sore throat 4
Recurrent swollen lymph nodes 4
Recurrent sinusitis 3
Drug intolerance 2
Alcohol intolerance 1
Mouth lesions/ulcers 1
Susceptibility to infections 1
Recurrent ear-nose-throat infections 1
Gastrointestinal manifestation Diarrhea, constipation, bloating, vomiting 37
Nausea 13
Autonomic manifestation Dizzyness 26
Orthostatic intolerance/POTS 10
Palpitations/tachycardia 3
Hypotension 2
Bladder irritability 2
Syncope 1
Autonomous symptoms 1
Eye irritation 1
Metabolic/Endocrine Long menstrual cycle 1
Metabolic HPU 1
Respiratory system Short of breath, painful breathing 13