Table 1.

PPI modulators that are currently being studied in clinical studies. Data are acquired from https://clinicaltrials.gov.

PPI	Disease	Drug	Status	NCT No	Refs
MDM2/p53	Advanced stage cancer, lymphomas	ALRN-6924	*P-I/II	02264613	[8]
CD40−/−L	Kidney transplantation	Bleselumab	*P-II	02921789	[9]
	Relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	dacetuzumab	*P-II	00435916	[10]
	Lupus Nephritis	BI655064	*P-II	03385564	[11]
	Advanced solid tumors	ABBV-428	*P-I	02955251	[12]
	Ulcerative colitis	ABBV-323	*P-II	03695185	[13]
PD-1/L1	Non-small lung cancer	Keytruda	**A	–	[14]
	Merkel cell carcinoma	Bavencio	**A	–	[15]
	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma	JS001	*P-III	03430297	[16]
	Advanced/metastatic solid malignancies	IBI308	*P-I/II	03568539	[17]
	Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer	BGB-A317	*P-II	04004221	[18]
CD40/L	Kidney transplantation	Bleselumab	*P-II	02921789	[9]
MDM2/p53	Acute myeloid leukemia	Idasanutlin	*P-III	02545283	[19]
	Metastatic melanoma	AMG232	*P-I/II	02110355	[20–22]
	Neoplasm malignant	SAR405838	*P-I	01636479	[23]
Bcl-2/Bax	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	ABT-199	**A	–	[24]
XIAP/caspase-9	Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma	LCL-161	*P-II	01955434	[25]
	Recurrent head and neck squamous	TL32711	*P-I	03803774	[25]
	Solid cancers	GDC-0917	*P-I	01226277	[26]
Gp120/CCR5	HIV	Maraviroc	**A	–	[27]
LFA-1/ICAM-1	Dry eye	Lifitegrast	*P-IV	03451396	[28]
B-Catenin	Liver cirrhosis	RPI-724	*P-I/II	03620474	[29]
Histone	Cardiovascular diseases	RVX-208	*P-III	02586155	[30]
	NUT midline carcinoma	GSK525762	*P-I	01587703	[31]

^*P stands for Phase,

^**A for Approved.