Table 3.

The heart rhythm society’s criteria for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis⁴

1. Histological diagnosis from myocardial tissue, definite cardiac sarcoidosis requires presence of non-necrotizing granulomas with no alternative cause

2. Clinical diagnosis from noninvasive and invasive studies, probable cardiac sarcoidosis requires histologic diagnosis of extracardiac sarcoidosis and presence of one or more of the following:

−cardiomyopathy or atrioventricular block responsive to immunosuppression

−unexplained reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%)

−unexplained sustained ventricular tachycardia (spontaneous or induced)

−2nd degree (Mobitz type II) or 3rd degree heart block

−patchy uptake on dedicated cardiac 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose PETa

−late gadolinium enhancement on CMRa

−positive gallium uptakea

and exclusion of other causes for the cardiac manifestations

CMR indicates cardiac magnetic resonance; PET, positron emission tomography.

in a pattern consistent with cardiac sarcoidosis.