Table 2.
CSHQ score and sleep pattern.
| Rural | Urbana | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Cut-off | Score > cut-off (%) | ||
| Sleep patterns (Weekday) | ||||
| Morning wake-up time, h | 6.5 (0.5) | 6.0 (0.5) | ||
| Bedtime, h | 22.4 (1.1) | 21.4 (0.8) | ||
| Total sleep time, h | 8.0 (1.2) | 8.0 | 56.5 | 9.0 (0.8) |
| Sleep patterns (Weekend) | ||||
| Morning wake-up time, h | 7.8 (1.4) | 8.2 (1.0) | ||
| Bedtime, h | 22.5 (0.9) | 22.2 (0.9) | ||
| Total sleep time, h | 9.3 (1.5) | 8.0 | 24.5 | 9.8 (1.1) |
| CSHQ subscales | ||||
| Bedtime resistance | 9.0 (1.4) | 10.8 | 9.7 | 33.1 |
| Sleep onset delay | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.3 | 28.6 | 25.4 |
| Sleep duration | 5.4 (1.5) | 5.3 | 50.3 | 70.1 |
| Sleep anxiety | 4.8 (1.3) | 7.8 | 5.9 | 41.4 |
| Nighttime awakening | 3.5 (0.9) | 5.3 | 3.7 | 27.4 |
| Parasomnias | 8.3 (1.7) | 10.6 | 10.4 | 52.4 |
| Sleep disordered breathing | 3.4 (0.8) | 4.5 | 9.2 | 11.9 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 12.5 (3.6) | 15.2 | 23.5 | 71.2 |
| Total CSHQ score | 48.9 (8.0) | 41.0 | 76.4 | |
CSHQ, children’s sleep habits questionnaire.
SD, standard deviation.
a
The study sample was recruited from eight urban cities in China, including Urumqi, Chengdu, Xi’an, Hohhot, Wuhan, Canton, Shanghai, and Harbin, aged 11 years (12).