Table 3.
Summary of the investigative findings of 36 patients diagnosed with anti-mGluR1 encephalitis.
| Case number | References | CSF features | Antibodies titer in serum | Antibodies titer in CSF | Brain MRI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukocytes/μL | Oligoclonal Bands | |||||
| 1 | Sillevis Smitt et al. (11) | 28 | Negative | 1:3200 | 1:512 | Normal |
| 2 | Sillevis Smitt et al. (11) | NA | NA | 1:3200 | Positive | Normal |
| 3 | Marignier et al. (10) | 190 | Negative | 1:20000 | 1:500 | Diffuse cerebellar hyperintensity Follow-up showed moderate cerebellar atrophy |
| 4 | Lancaster et al. (9) | 8 | NA | Positive | Positive | Initially normal Follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy |
| 5 | Iorio et al. (20) | Normal | NA | Positive | Positive | Mild cerebellar atrophy |
| 6 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | Normal | Negative | 1:960 | NA | Normal |
| 7 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | NA | NA | 1:1920 | 1:256 | NA |
| 8 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | Normal | Negative | 1:1920 | 1:64 | Mild global atrophy and hyperintensity in the central superior cerebellum |
| 9 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | Normal | Negative | 1:61440 | NA | Cerebral atrophy |
| 10 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | 29 | NA | 1:7680 | NA | Normal |
| 11 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | Normal | Negative | 1:3840 | NA | Normal |
| 12 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | NA | NA | 1:480 | NA | NA |
| 13 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | NA | NA | 1:1920 | NA | NA |
| 14 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | NA | NA | 1:960 | NA | Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy |
| 15 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | NA | Positive | 1:1000 | Negative | Multiple enhancing brains and spinal cord T2 lesions |
| 16 | Lopez-Chiriboga et al. (4) | NA | Positive | 1:3200 | NA | Multiple non-enhancing brains and spinal cord T2 lesions |
| 17 | Yoshikura et al. (2) | 5 | NA | 1:3200 | Positive | Initially normal Follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy |
| 18 | Pedroso et al. (21) | 2 | NA | 1:12 | 1:512 | Initially normal Follow-up showed cerebellar vermal atrophy |
| 19 | Christ et al. (12) | 7 | Negative | 1:100 | 1:32 | Hyperintensity in the medial thalamus and pulvinar predominantly on the left and low cerebellar volume |
| 20 | Gollion et al. (13) | Normal | Positive | NA | Positive | Normal |
| 21 | Chaumont et al. (14) | 214 | Positive | Positive | Positive | Cerebellar leptomeningeal contrast enhancement |
| 22 | Spatola et al. (15) | 17 | NA | Positive | Positive | Initially normal Follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy |
| 23 | Spatola et al. (15) | 214 | Positive | Positive | Positive | Gd enhancement of cerebellar leptomeninges |
| 24 | Spatola et al. (15) | 3 | Negative | Positive | Positive | Initially normal Follow-up showed cerebellar vermal atrophy |
| 25 | Spatola et al. (15) | 2 | Positive | Positive | Positive | Cerebellar and brain atrophy |
| 26 | Spatola et al. (15) | <5 | Negative | Positive | Positive | Unspecific Subcortical dot-like lesions; Follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy |
| 27 | Spatola et al. (15) | 9 | Negative | Positive | Positive | Unspecific Subcortical dot-like lesions; Follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy |
| 28 | Spatola et al. (15) | 27 | NA | Positive | NA | Old ischemic lesions |
| 29 | Spatola et al. (15) | 4 | NA | Positive | Positive | Normal |
| 30 | Spatola et al. (15) | <5 | Positive | Positive | Positive | Hyperintensities in cerebellar vermis and right frontal lobe |
| 31 | Spatola et al. (15) | 125 | Positive | Negative | Positive | Initially normal Follow-up showed bi-hemispheric cerebellar edema |
| 32 | Bien et al. (16) | 28 | Positive | 1:20 | 1:8 | Normal |
| 33 | Chandler et al. (17) | 39 | Positive | NA | 1:64 | Hyperintensity in cerebellar vermis and medial cerebellar hemispheres |
| 34 | Vinke et al. (18) | 6–10 | Positive | Negative | Positive | Vascular damage |
| 35 | Goh et al. (19) | Normal | Normal | Positive | Positive | Normal |
| 36 | Current case | 6 | Positive | 1:1000 | 1:32 | Initially normal; Follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy |
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not applicable; Gd, gadolinium