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. 2023 Apr 17;14:1164553. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164553

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Copyright © 2023 Lundgren, Madan, Karagas, Morrison, Christensen and Hoen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proportion of infant gut reads from ASVs in paired milk over time. The median (IQR) of the total number of infant gut microbial reads from ASVs that also occurred in breast milk from an infant’s mother divided by the total number of microbial reads in a sample for (A) all infants (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test value of p = 0.0058 compared to random dyads), (B) infants delivered by Cesarean section (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test value of p = 0.054 compared to random dyads), and (C) infants delivered vaginally (Kolmogorov–Smirnov value of p = 0.49 compared to random dyads).