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. 2023 Apr 17;10:1175848. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1175848

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Copyright © 2023 Zhao, Yang, Bai, Zhao, Hu, Zhang, Dou and Jia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in poultry. IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IgG, immunoglobulin G; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MyD88, myeloiddifferentiationfactor88; chTLR4, toll-like receptor 4; sIgA, secretory immunoglobulin A; IFNs, type-I-interferon; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; MDA5, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; IL-2, interleukin-2; IBV, infectious bronchitis virus; H5N1, avian influenza.