Table 10.
Plant polysaccharide biological activity and mechanisms.
| Plant polysaccharides | Biological activities | Mechanisms involved | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) | Antioxidative activity/Immunomodulatory activity | Increase activity of SOD, GSH-PX. Decrease in MDA. Increase in TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ. |
(171) |
| Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) | Antioxidative activity/Immunomodulatory Activity/Resist immunosuppression | Increase activity of SOD, GSH-PX. Decrease in MDA. Increase lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-2) secretion. |
(172, 173) |
| Yingshan yunwu tea polysaccharide (YYTP) | Antioxidative activity/Immunomodulatory activity | Scavenge DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Increase activity of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC. Decrease in MDA. Increase immune organ index and immunoglobulin (IgA and IgG). |
(174, 175) |
| Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS) | Immunomodulatory Activity/Immune adjuvant | Increase in IL-2, IL-10, IFN-β and TNF-α. Increase antibody titers of H5N1 vaccine. |
(176) |
| Mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) | Immunomodulatory Activity/immune adjuvant | Increase activity of IL-2, IFN-γ, sIgA, IgG, IgA. Increase the antibody titer of ND. |
(177, 178) |
| Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide (AOP) | Antioxidative activity/Anti-inflammation activity | Modulation Nrf2/Keap1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Increase activity of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GPx. Decreases IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α. |
(179) |
| Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PP) | Resist immunosuppression | Regulates IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ. Increase IgG, IgM. |
(180) |
| Bush sophora root polysaccharide (BSRPS) | Immunomodulatory Activity | Increase SOD2. Decrease CYP450 1A5. |
(181) |
| Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (EPP) | Immunomodulatory Activity | Increase IL-2, IFN-γ and CD80. Activation of dendritic cells. |
(182) |
| Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharide (PGPS) | Immunomodulatory Activity | Activates macrophages and T lymphocytes. Increase the expression of CD80, CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in macrophages. |
(183, 184) |
| Paulownia fortunei flower polysaccharide (PFFPS) | Immunomodulatory Activity | Increase lymphocytes and leukocyte. Increase IL-2, IFN-γ and sIgA. |
(185) |