Table 9.

Structure and structure-activity-relationship of polysaccharide from Glycyrrhiza.

Type	Extraction method	Monosaccharide composition	Molecular weight/kDa	Structure characteristics	Function	References
Glycyrrhiza	Hot water extraction	Glc: Gal: Ara=2.34: 2.52: 0.83	10.16 kDa	-	Anti-oxidation	(153)
Glycyrrhiza	Alkali extraction	Rha: Ara: Xyl: Man: Glc: Gal=1.00: 2.33: 2.85: 0.69: 3.05: 1.54	2890.00 kDa	→ 6)-β-D-Glcp-( → backbone and the → 4)-α-D-Xylp-(1 → , → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → , → 3)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → , → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → , → 3,6)-α-Manp-(1 → and → 1)-β-D-Glcp as branches	-	(154)
Glycyrrhiza	Hot water extraction	Xyl: Man: Glc: Gal=0.22: 1.20: 0.22: 1.00	-	-	Anti-oxidation	(155)
Glycyrrhiza	Hot water extraction	Ara: Man: Glc: Gal=1.00: 0.49: 4.05: 3.17	1960.00 kDa	Main chain α-D-1,4-Glc, α-D-Glc-1,3,6 and α-D-Glc-1,2,3,6-Glc, side chain α-D-1,3 and β-L-1,2-Ara, Gal, Man	Anti-oxidation	(156)
Glycyrrhiza	Hot water extraction	Glc: Ara: Man: Gal=9.80: 0.05: 0.07: 0.07	38.70 kDa	1,4-linked α-D-Glcp, 1,6-linked α-D-Glcp, 1,4-linked to main side α-D-Glcp and terminal 1-linked β-D-Glcp to the C-3 of residue D	Anti-oxidation	(157)
Glycyrrhiza	Hot water extraction	Rha: Ara: Man: Glc: Gal=1.00: 13.87: 1.59: 16.76: 15.72	29.10 kDa	α-L-Araf-(1-,3)-α-L-Rha-(1-,3)-α-D-Galp-(1-,α-D-Xylp-(1-, and-4)-α-D-Glcp-(1-residue)	Immunomodulation	(158)
Glycyrrhiza	Hot water extraction	GalA: Ara: Rha: Gal: ManA: Glc: Fuc: Xyl=7.44: 1.01: 0.64: 0.48: 0.15: 0.13: 0.09: 0.05	26.40 kDa	→ 4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → , → 2,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → , α-L-Araf-(1 → , → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → , → 4)-α-D-GalpA, → 4)-β-D-GalpA	Immunomodulation	(159)