. 2022 Nov 17;13(4):1498–1521. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.016

Table 2.

Characteristics of NO platforms.

Carrier platform	NO donor	Stimuli	Mechanism of NO	NO donor loading site	Size (nm)	Tumor type	Ref.
Si NPs	SNOs	Spontaneous	Regulating the content and activity of MMP-1 and -2	External modification	∼100	Breast cancer	123
	l-Arginine	Ultrasound	apoptosis	Inner parcel	∼500	Panc-1 cells	128
	NONOates	Spontaneous	Cytotoxicity	External modification	90–161	Ovarian cells	130
	SNOs	Spontaneous	Cytotoxicity	External modification	30	Human alveolar epithelial cells	131
	DEA/NO	Endogenous esterase	Promoting the penetration	External modification	∼210	MCF-7/ADR cells	132
AuNPs	l-Arginine	NIR	Overcoming multidrug resistance	Inner parcel	128.6	MCF-7/ADR cells	133
AuNPs	Nitro benzimidazole derivatives	UV	Cytotoxicity	External modification	7	HeLa cells	134
QDs	PSF	GSH,	Cytotoxicity	Inner parcel	∼7.7	HeLa cells	135
	PSF	GSH	Overcoming multidrug resistance	Inner parcel	∼7.9	SGC7901/ADR cells	136
	The nitroaniline derivative NO photodonor	UV	Cytotoxicity	External modification	N/A	HeLa cells, human xenograft BxPC-3 pancreatic	137
UCNPs	RBS	NIR	Cytotoxicity, overcoming multidrug resistance	External modification	∼70	HeLa cells, MCF-7/ADR cells	138
UCNPs	BNN6	UV	Overcoming multidrug resistance, Apoptosis	Inner parcel	N/A	MCF-7/ADR cells	139
Protein nanoparticles	SNOs	Spontaneous	Apoptosis	External modification	N/A	C26 cells	140
Polymer nanomicelles	SNOs	UV	Promote apoptosis	Inner parcel	50	A neuroblastoma BE(2)-C cell line	141
	TNO₃	GSH	Cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, Sensitization effect	Inner parcel	133.9	Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cancer cells	142
	TNO₃	reduction oxidation	Tumor vascular normalization, overcoming multidrug resistance	Inner parcel	10.0	MCF-7/ADR cells	143
	l-Arginine	H₂O₂	Overcoming multidrug resistance	External modification	55	Human oral Squamous cell Carcinoma Cell line	144
	Endogenous NO donor	Cu²⁺	Dilating blood vessels	N/A	92.9	Vascular endothelial cells, 4T1 tumor cells	145
Lipid NPs	DNIC	Acid	Tumor vascular normalization, improving immune function	Inner parcel	119	Hepatocellular carcinoma cells	146
Lipid NPs	JS-K	GSTs, S1P	Promoting osmosis	Inner parcel	189	Glioblastoma multiforme cells	147
FZ-ss-FZ	FZ-ss-FZ	GSH	Cytotoxicity	co-precipitation	160	4T1 cells	148
DSPE-mPEG_5k	NRh-Bn-NO, NRh-Et-NO	NIR	Cytotoxicity	Inner parcel	30	U87MG cells	149
A nitrogluconic acid-containing copolymer	A nitrogluconic acid-containing copolymer	GSH	Overcoming multidrug resistance	Inner parcel	150	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 triple-negative cancer cells	150
HA	HN	NIR	Improving penetration	Inner parcel	264	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, 4T1 cells	151
AuNC@CBSA-PTX-ICG@HA-NO₃	SNOs	Spontaneous	Anti-metastasis effect	External modification	300, 200, 100	4T1 cells	152

DEA/NO, 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine; DNIC, dinitrosyl iron complex; GSH, glutathione; GSTs, glutathione S-transferases; HA, hyaluronic acid; NIR, near infrared light; NO, nitric oxide; NONOates, N-diazenium diolates; NPs, nanoparticles; PSF, phenylsulfonyl furoxan; RBS, roussin's black salt; SNOs, S-nitrosothiols; TNO₃, nitrate functionalized d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate; UV, ultraviolet light.