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. 2023 Apr 17;14:1101909. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101909

Table 4.

Association between risk and time preferences and perceived effectiveness of intervention strategies.

Discount rate (δ) Present- bias (β) Utility curvature (σ) Probability weighting (α) Loss aversion (λ)
Perceived effectiveness −0.050** 0.002 0.002 0.019** −0.043*
(0.02) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) (0.02)
Rural −0.545 −0.081 0.075 1.280*** 1.429
(0.51) (0.12) (0.05) (0.20) (0.94)
Age −0.024 −0.000 −0.000 0.006 −0.026
(0.03) (0.01) (0.00) (0.02) (0.04)
Gender 0.008 −0.035 −0.064** −0.185 0.361
(0.32) (0.06) (0.03) (0.12) (0.48)
Education −0.033 −0.045 0.049** 0.431*** 0.469
(0.16) (0.04) (0.02) (0.07) (0.36)
Income −0.172 0.030 0.004 0.277*** −0.104
(0.14) (0.04) (0.02) (0.05) (0.21)
Family size 0.024 −0.006 0.003 0.037 −0.048
(0.09) (0.02) (0.01) (0.03) (0.13)
Travel time 0.004 0.004 −0.001 −0.001 0.003
(0.01) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01)
Known diabetes duration 0.013 0.000 0.001 0.010 −0.081
(0.02) (0.01) (0.00) (0.01) (0.05)
Constant 5.274** 0.728 0.066 −3.096** 4.213
(2.42) (0.46) (0.21) (1.25) (3.54)
Number of clusters 166
Number of observations 15,106
Log pseudo-likelihood −9293.52

Parentheses are standard errors clustered at the individual level. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, and * p < 0.1.