Table 7.
Experiments: flagged/not flagged with users diagnosed with a single mental disorder (flagged/not flagged + single mental disorder), flagged/not flagged with users diagnosed with multiple mental disorders (flagged/not flagged + multiple mental disorders), flagged/not flagged with multiple mental disorders and evaluated on the expert annotated data, flagged/not flagged with users diagnosed with PTSD or depression (flagged/not flagged using tweets).
| Experiments | Multi-task | Ps | Pm | Rs | Rm | F1s | F1m | ACCs (%) | ACCm (%) | AUCs | AUCm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flagged/not flagged + single mental disorder | Suicide + adhd | 0.737 | 0.726 | 0.722 | 0.726 | 0.728 | 0.726 | 80.00 | 79.20 | 0.814 | 0.814 |
| Adhd baseline | – | 0.686 | – | 0.730 | – | 0.694 | – | 73.60 | – | 0.837 | |
| Suicide + anxiety | 0.780 | 0.780 | 0.774 | 0.774 | 0.777 | 0.777 | 83.20 | 83.20 | 0.860 | 0.860 | |
| Anxiety baseline | – | 0.776 | – | 0.845 | – | 0.789 | – | 81.60 | – | 0.902 | |
| Suicide + autism | 0.742 | 0.742 | 0.691 | 0.691 | 0.708 | 0.708 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 0.829 | 0.827 | |
| Autism baseline | – | 0.732 | – | 0.757 | – | 0.742 | – | 79.20 | – | 0.831 | |
| Suicide + bipolar | 0.778 | 0.778 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.789 | 0.789 | 83.20 | 83.20 | 0.889 | 0.889 | |
| Bipolar baseline | – | 0.799 | – | 0.846 | – | 0.816 | – | 84.80 | – | 0.920 | |
| Suicide + depress | 0.795 | 0.795 | 0.769 | 0.769 | 0.780 | 0.780 | 84.00 | 84.00 | 0.880 | 0.880 | |
| Depress baseline | – | 0.730 | – | 0.792 | – | 0.738 | – | 76.80 | – | 0.876 | |
| Suicide + ocd | 0.790 | 0.785 | 0.743 | 0.753 | 0.761 | 0.767 | 83.20 | 83.20 | 0.872 | 0.871 | |
| Ocd baseline | – | 0.781 | – | 0.825 | – | 0.796 | – | 83.20 | – | 0.895 | |
| Suicide + ptsd | 0.831 | 0.831 | 0.831 | 0.831 | 0.831 | 0.831 | 87.20 | 87.20 | 0.944 | 0.946 | |
| Ptsd baseline | – | 0.828 | – | 0.893 | – | 0.848 | – | 87.20 | – | 0.946 | |
| Suicide + sch | 0.820 | 0.829 | 0.826 | 0.842 | 0.823 | 0.835 | 86.40 | 87.20 | 0.874 | 0.873 | |
| Schizophrenia baseline | – | 0.776 | – | 0.845 | – | 0.789 | – | 81.60 | – | 0.885 | |
| Suicide baseline | 0.647 | – | 0.673 | – | 0.654 | – | 71.20 | – | 0.726 | - | |
| Flagged/not flagged + multiple mental disorders | Suicide + adhd | 0.749 | 0.749 | 0.768 | 0.768 | 0.757 | 0.757 | 80.80 | 80.80 | 0.874 | 0.875 |
| Adhd baseline | – | 0.783 | – | 0.835 | – | 0.800 | – | 83.20 | – | 0.916 | |
| Suicide + anxiety | 0.785 | 0.785 | 0.753 | 0.753 | 0.767 | 0.767 | 83.20 | 83.20 | 0.892 | 0.893 | |
| Anxiety baseline | – | 0.799 | – | 0.846 | – | 0.816 | – | 84.80 | – | 0.930 | |
| Suicide + autism | 0.778 | 0.778 | 0.784 | 0.784 | 0.781 | 0.781 | 83.20 | 83.20 | 0.876 | 0.877 | |
| Autism baseline | – | 0.764 | – | 0.834 | – | 0.774 | – | 80.00 | – | 0.882 | |
| Suicide + bipolar | 0.872 | 0.864 | 0.848 | 0.832 | 0.859 | 0.846 | 89.60 | 88.80 | 0.940 | 0.939 | |
| Bipolar baseline | – | 0.801 | – | 0.856 | – | 0.819 | – | 84.80 | – | 0.925 | |
| Suicide + depress | 0.758 | 0.748 | 0.753 | 0.758 | 0.755 | 0.752 | 81.60 | 80.80 | 0.870 | 0.871 | |
| Depress baseline | – | 0.789 | – | 0.856 | – | 0.805 | – | 83.20 | – | 0.904 | |
| Suicide + ocd | 0.768 | 0.778 | 0.789 | 0.794 | 0.777 | 0.785 | 82.40 | 83.20 | 0.888 | 0.889 | |
| Ocd baseline | – | 0.765 | – | 0.814 | – | 0.780 | – | 81.60 | – | 0.906 | |
| Suicide + ptsd | 0.896 | 0.896 | 0.843 | 0.843 | 0.865 | 0.865 | 90.40 | 90.40 | 0.967 | 0.966 | |
| Suicide + ptsd + EMPATH | 0.915 | 0.915 | 0.848 | 0.848 | 0.875 | 0.875 | 91.20 | 91.20 | 0.952 | 0.951 | |
| Suicide + ptsd + fastText | 0.872 | 0.872 | 0.848 | 0.848 | 0.859 | 0.859 | 89.60 | 89.60 | 0.958 | 0.959 | |
| Ptsd baseline | – | 0.836 | – | 0.868 | – | 0.849 | – | 88.00 | – | 0.942 | |
| Suicide + sch | 0.778 | 0.778 | 0.784 | 0.784 | 0.781 | 0.781 | 83.20 | 83.20 | 0.895 | 0.889 | |
| Schizophrenia baseline | – | 0.743 | – | 0.818 | – | 0.739 | – | 76.00 | – | 0.922 | |
| Expert | Suicide + ptsd | 0.843 | 0.843 | 0.851 | 0.851 | 0.847 | 0.847 | 92.245 | 92.245 | 0.955 | 0.955 |
| Suicide baseline (expert) | 0.587 | – | 0.652 | – | 0.585 | – | 70.204 | – | 0.729 | - | |
| Flagged/not flagged using tweets | suicide + more_ptsd | 0.857 | 0.857 | 0.842 | 0.842 | 0.849 | 0.849 | 88.80 | 88.80 | 0.956 | 0.955 |
| Suicide + more_depress | 0.793 | 0.783 | 0.851 | 0.835 | 0.810 | 0.799 | 84.00 | 83.20 | 0.928 | 0.928 | |
| Suicide + ptsd_depress | 0.861 | 0.861 | 0.868 | 0.868 | 0.864 | 0.864 | 89.60 | 89.60 | 0.960 | 0.960 | |
| Suicide + ptsd_depress + embed | 0.846 | 0.836 | 0.873 | 0.868 | 0.858 | 0.849 | 88.80 | 88.00 | 0.946 | 0.946 | |
| Suicide + ptsd_depress + empath | 0.869 | 0.869 | 0.884 | 0.884 | 0.876 | 0.876 | 90.40 | 90.40 | 0.960 | 0.959 | |
| Baseline (ptsd + depress) | – | 0.806 | – | 0.877 | – | 0.824 | – | 84.80 | – | 0.951 |
The bold values represent the highest F1 score for suicide ideation and mental disorder detection.