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. 2023 Apr 17;10:1150039. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1150039

Table 2.

Echocardiographic characteristics.

Echocardiographic characteristics All patients (n = 132) Normal baseline RV-PA coupling Impaired baseline RV-PA coupling p-value
RVFWLS/PASP ≥0.63 (n = 65) RVFWLS/PASP <0.63 (n = 67)
Aortic stenosis severity
Vmax, m/s 4.67 ± 0.8 4.8 ± 0.8 4.6 ± 0.8 0.106
Mean gradient, mmHg 57.6 ± 19.3 59.7 ± 19.4 55.6 ± 19.3 0.233
AVAi, cm2/m2 0.4 ± 0.2 0.44 ± 0.2 0.37 ± 0.1 0.008
Bicuspid valve 19 (14.4%) 5 (7.7%) 14 (20.9%) 0.031
Aortic regurgitation 1.2 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 0.7 1.2 ± 0.7 0.742
Left ventricle
LVEF, % 51.8 ± 12.2 55.0 ± 7.9 48.6 ± 14.9 0.001
LV-GLS, % −12.4 ± 4.3 −14.2 ± 3.9 −10.5 ± 3.7 <0.001
LVMi, g/m2 180.3 ± 50.9 174 ± 47 187 ± 53 0.154
E/A 1.2 ± 0.8 0.84 ± 0.4 1.8 ± 0.9 <0.001
Mitral regurgitation 1.3 ± 0.6 1.28 ± 0.6 1.27 ± 0.6 0.934
Left atrium
LAAi, cm2/m2 15.2 ± 3.3 14.2 ± 2.4 16.3 ± 3.6 <0.001
LAVi, ml/m2 55.2 ± 19.0 49.3 ± 13.4 61.3 ± 21.6 <0.001
LA-GLS, % (LAɛ) 12.4 ± 6.9 16.1 ± 5.9 8.6 ± 5.6 <0.001
Right ventricle
TAPSE, cm 2.0 ± 0.4 2.2 ± 0.4 1.9 ± 0.4 <0.001
S`RV, cm/s 10.4 ± 2.8 11.5 ± 2.5 9.4 ± 2.6 <0.001
FAC, % 0.59 ± 0.3 42.6 ± 6.5 38.9 ± 9.1 0.009
PASP, mmHg 40.5 ± 15 30.9 ± 8.4 49.2 ± 15.1 <0.001
PAPm, mmHg 26.3 ± 9.2 20.9 ± 5.2 32.0 ± 9.2 <0.001
RA, mm 0.41 ± 0.1 33.8 ± 6.7 41.4 ± 8.5 <0.001
RV, mm 37.7 ± 8.4 32.0 ± 4.7 36.6 ± 6.4 <0.001
Tricuspid regurgitation 0.98 ± 0.87 0.85 ± 0.83 1.2 ± 0.90 0.014
RV-GLS, % 34.3 ± 6.1 −21.2 ± 4.3 −13.6 ± 4.9 <0.001
RV-FWLS, % −17.4 ± 6.0 −27.0 ± 4.9 −16.9 ± 6.1 <0.001
RV-IVS, % −22.0 ± 7.5 −13.4 ± 6.1 −8.6 ± 5.7 <0.001

Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range). Vmax, maximum aortic velocity; AVA, aortic valve area; AVAi, aortic valve area index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LV-GLS, left ventricle global longitudinal strain; LA, left atrium; LAAi, LA area index; LAVi, LA volume index; LVMi, LV mass index; LA-GLS, LA global longitudinal strain; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; S`RV, peak systolic myocardial velocity at the lateral site of the tricuspid annulus; PASP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PAPm, mean pulmonary artery pressure; FAC, right ventricle fractional area change; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; RV-GLS, RV global longitudinal strain; RV-FWLS, RV free wall longitudinal strain; RV-IVS, RV interventricular septum strain.