Table 3.

Association between n-3 PUFA intakes and the risk of juvenile myopia.

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
High myopia vs. normal vision
Energy density
n-3 PUFA
<759.65	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥759.65	0.51 (0.23–1.12)	0.092	0.51 (0.24–1.07)	0.076	0.44 (0.19–1.02)	0.056
ALA
<637.85	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥637.85	0.96 (0.33–2.84)	0.946	0.97 (0.32–2.91)	0.952	0.91 (0.24–3.39)	0.886
SDA
<7.51	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥7.51	0.82 (0.33–2.08)	0.678	0.82 (0.33–2.07)	0.678	0.83 (0.33–2.08)	0.684
EPA
<11	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥11	0.37 (0.17–0.81)	0.014	0.38 (0.17–0.84)	0.017	0.39 (0.18–0.85)	0.018
DPA
<8.18	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥8.18	1.12 (0.44–2.84)	0.811	1.10 (0.44–2.75)	0.844	1.10 (0.43–2.83)	0.846
DHA
<31.4	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥31.4	0.72 (0.25–2.08)	0.533	0.73 (0.25–2.15)	0.562	0.74 (0.25–2.18)	0.577
Low myopia vs. normal vision
Energy density
TPFA
<803.55	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥803.55	1.25 (0.86–1.83)	0.235	1.22 (0.83–1.79)	0.298	1.12 (0.64–1.96)	0.679
n-3 PUFA
<759.65	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥759.65	1.07 (0.74–1.56)	0.705	1.05 (0.72–1.53)	0.797	0.93 (0.55–1.56)	0.773
ALA
<63.78	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥63.78	0.90 (0.60–1.33)	0.584	0.91 (0.62–1.35)	0.648	0.93 (0.63–1.37)	0.720
SDA
<0.75	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥0.75	1.12 (0.76–1.66)	0.551	1.12 (0.76–1.66)	0.550	1.11 (0.74–1.66)	0.612
EPA
<1.1	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥1.1	1.27 (0.84–1.91)	0.255	1.26 (0.84–1.90)	0.264	1.21 (0.79–1.87)	0.374
DPA
<0.82	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥0.82	1.16 (0.78–1.72)	0.449	1.15 (0.78–1.71)	0.469	1.13 (0.75–1.71)	0.551
DHA
<3.14	Ref		Ref		Ref
≥3.14	1.15 (0.78–1.72)	0.475	1.15 (0.78–1.71)	0.477	1.15 (0.77–1.71)	0.504

TPFA, total polyunsaturated fatty acid; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference; ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; SDA, octadecatetraenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid.

n-3 PUFAs include ALA, SDA, EPA, DPA, and DHA.

Model 1: univariate logistic regression; Model 2: adjusted the age and gender; Model 3: adjusted the age, sex, TPFA, and cotinine.