Table 3.
Participant characteristics of included original research articles.
| Article | Participants | Mean age (SD) | Sex |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dunn, 2021 (83) | Patients with OUD and persistent pain who receive methadone (N = 25) | 33 (10.7) | 42.3% M, 57.7% F |
| Edmond, 2021 (84) | Patients with CP on LTOT (N = 29) | 62.9 (11.2) | 86.2% M, 13.8% F |
| George, 2020 (86) | Vulnerable older patients with CP and multiple comorbidities who use opioids | 58 | NR |
| Joyce, 2020 (88) | Physicians who work with patients with CP and prescribe opioids (N = 260) | 48.6 (10.0) | 86% M, 14% F |
| Lee, 2021 (90) | Claims data from patients with varying CP diagnoses (N = 21,430,339) | 48.6 (24.0) | 48.9% M, 51.1% F |
| Licciardone, 2021a (91) | Patients with chronic low back pain (N = 476) | 54 (13.2) | 26.7% M, 73.3% F |
| Licciardone, 2021b (92) | Patients with chronic low back pain (N = 528) | 53.9 (13.0) | 25.9% M, 74.1% F |
| Mun, 2021 (94) | Patients with CP (N = 1,453) | 41.7 (13.1) | 34.8% M, 65.2% F |
| Mun, 2022 (95) | Patients with CP (N = 1,453; 878; 813 over 3 surveyed periods) | 41.7 (13.1) | 34.8% M, 65.2% F |
| Oh, 2021 (96) | Patients with musculoskeletal disorders, COVID-19, and identified as long-term opioid users (N = 7,713) | NR | 39.5% M, 60.5% F |
| Prater, 2020 (97) | Underserved patients with chronic spinal pain (N = 35) | NR | 46% M, 54% F |
| Tuan, 2021 (100) | Adult patients (N = 418,216) with COVID-19; treated with LTOT for CP (N = 9,558) | 52.1 (17.1) on LTOT; 43.1 (17.6) not on LTOT | 39.4% M, 60.6% F on LTOT; 49% M, 51% F not on LTOT |
NR, not reported; OUD, opioid use disorder; LTOT, long-term opioid therapy; CP, chronic pain.