Table 1.
Participants characteristics (N = 220).
| Characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|
| N | % | |
| Age (Mean/SD) | 52.33 | 12.07 |
| Biological sex | ||
| Male | 76 | 34.55 |
| Female | 144 | 65.45 |
| Education | ||
| ≤ middle school graduate | 41 | 18.72 |
| ≤ high school graduate | 85 | 38.81 |
| ≥college graduate | 93 | 42.47 |
| Religion | ||
| Yes | 98 | 44.55 |
| No | 122 | 55.45 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 154 | 70.00 |
| Else (e.g., single, divorced, separation, bereavement) | 66 | 30.00 |
| Residency type | ||
| Living alone | 35 | 15.98 |
| Living as a couple | 52 | 23.74 |
| Living with children | 109 | 49.77 |
| Else (e.g., living with parents, with friends) | 23 | 10.50 |
| Perceived economic status | ||
| High | 18 | 8.22 |
| Middle | 145 | 66.21 |
| Low | 56 | 25.57 |
| Pain related disease | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 122 | 55.45 |
| Osteoarthritis | 31 | 14.09 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 52 | 23.64 |
| Else (e.g., osteoporosis, herniated disc) | 15 | 6.82 |
| Pain duration | ||
| 3 months to 1 years | 20 | 9.13 |
| 1–5 years | 52 | 23.74 |
| 5–10 years | 65 | 29.68 |
| 10 years over | 82 | 37.44 |
| # of comorbidity | ||
| None | 132 | 60.00 |
| 1 | 62 | 28.18 |
| 2 or more | 26 | 11.82 |