Table 1.

Summary of the results in the literature for the prediction of the phenotype for complex traits using genotype and/or microbiome data

Species	Phenotypes	N	Host genotype	Microbiome	Results	Refs.
Cow	Methane emissions; rumen and blood metabolites; milk production efficiency	1016	120k SNPs	512 OTU	B > X	[15]
Cow	Milk fatty acid content	292	39k SNPs	3055 OTU	XB ~ X	[35]
Cow	Milk acetone and β-hydroxybutyric acid	277	436k SNPs	4226 OTU	B > X	[37]
Rabbit	Feed efficiency; growth	425	Pedigree	963 OTU	XB > X	[18]
Japanese quail	Feed intake; P utilization; body weight gain; feed efficiency	758	4k SNPs	1188 OTU	B > X	[22]
Pig	Daily gain; feed conversion; feed intake	207	52k SNPs	2714 OTU	B > X	[21]
Pig	Meat quality	1123	42k SNPs	1755 OTU	XB > X	[34]
Human	Dietary habits; anthropometric and blood measurements	715	545k SNPs	1.36 M genes (metagenomics)	XB > X	[36]

N: Sample size

B > X: performance using microbiome was larger than with genotypes only; XB > X: holobiont model was better than using genotypes only; XB ~ X: both models performed similarly