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. 2023 Apr 17;10:1048628. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1048628

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Copyright © 2023 Long, Yan, Guo, Zhaxi, Xu, Sun and Xiao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Study design. This figure shows the design of the overall study content. We divided 451 full-term singleton breech presentation parturient into planned vaginal delivery group (n = 429) and planned cesarean delivery group (n = 22), compared the obstetrical characteristics and neonatal outcomes between the two groups. And set a cephalic group, compared indicators mentioned above between cephalic group and breech one. We analyzed the indications for caesarean section in 17 emergency caesarean sections in the group planning for vaginal delivery, and compared the neonatal outcomes between it and the planned cesarean. Maternal perineal injury, stages of labor, types of breech presentation and 18 dead fetuses were analyzed in the vaginal delivery group.