Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of mothers with and without antidepressant use during pregnancy in the ECHO wide cohort
| Mothers without any antidepressant use | Mothers with any antidepressant use | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N=2966) | (N=163) | ||
|
| |||
| Depression diagnosis? during pregnancy | |||
| No | 1771 (59.7%) | 13 (8.0%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 170 (5.7%) | 88 (54.0%) | |
| Missing | 1025 (34.6%) | 62 (38.0%) | |
| Age at the birth of the first child | |||
| Mean (SD) | 30.7 (5.51) | 31.3 (5.23) | 0.172 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 31.0 [15.0, 50.0] | 31.0 [16.0, 45.0] | |
| Missing | 18 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Race category | |||
| White | 2093 (70.6%) | 133 (81.6%) | <0.001 |
| Black | 282 (9.5%) | <5 (<3.1%) | |
| Asian | 135 (4.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 16 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Multiple Race | 34 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 162 (5.5%) | 8 (4.9%) | |
| Other Race | 88 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Missing | 156 (5.3%) | <20 (<12.3%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| non-Hispanic | 2485 (83.8%) | 134 (82.2%) | 0.307 |
| Hispanic | 360 (12.1%) | 14 (8.6%) | |
| Missing | 121 (4.1%) | 15 (9.2%) | |
| Highest education a | |||
| Less than high school | 104 (3.5%) | <5 (<3.1%) | 0.225 |
| High school degree | 292 (9.8%) | 10 (6.1%) | |
| Some college without degree | 792 (26.7%) | 49 (30.1%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 903 (30.4%) | 50 (30.7%) | |
| Master’s degree or above | 836 (28.2%) | 51 (31.3%) | |
| Missing | 39 (1.3%) | <5 (<3.1%) | |
| Marital status b | |||
| Married | 2438 (82.2%) | 133 (81.6%) | 0.375 |
| Not married | 445 (15.0%) | <30 (< 18.4%) | |
| Missing | 83 (2.8%) | <5 (<3.1%) | |
| Income of the household, 5 categories | |||
| <$30,000 | 354 (11.9%) | 17 (10.4%) | 0.938 |
| $30,000–$49,999 | 227 (7.7%) | 13 (8.0%) | |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 238 (8.0%) | 14 (8.6%) | |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 153 (5.2%) | 10 (6.1%) | |
| $100,000 or more | 317 (10.7%) | 17 (10.4%) | |
| Missing | 1677 (56.5%) | 92 (56.4%) | |
| Mode of delivery for the first child | |||
| vaginal | 1763 (59.4%) | 83 (50.9%) | 0.64 |
| cesarean | 935 (31.5%) | 48 (29.4%) | |
| Missing | 268 (9.0%) | 32 (19.6%) | |
| Gestational age at birth | |||
| Mean (SD) | 35.7 (5.56) | 37.0 (4.31) | <0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 38.0 [22.0, 43.0] | 39.0 [23.0, 42.0] | |
| Missing | 11 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Prenatal tobacco/nicotine use | |||
| No | 2612 (88.1%) | 130 (79.8%) | 0.045 |
| Yes | 264 (8.9%) | 22.0 (13.5%) | |
| Missing | 90.0 (3.0%) | 11.0 (6.7%) | |
| Prenatal alcohol use | |||
| No | 2373 (80.0%) | 125 (76.7%) | 0.206 |
| Yes | 421 (14.2%) | 29 (17.8%) | |
| Missing | 172 (5.8%) | 9 (5.5%) | |
| Prenatal illicit drug use | |||
| No | 2305 (77.7%) | 119 (73.0%) | 0.683 |
| Yes | 32 (1.1%) | <5 (3.1%) | |
| Missing | 629 (21.2%) | <45 (27.6%) | |
| Prenatal marijuana use | |||
| No | 2386 (80.4%) | 122 (74.8%) | 0.816 |
| Yes | 99 (3.3%) | <5 (<3.1%) | |
| Missing | 481 (16.2%) | <40 (<24.5%) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 27.1 (6.99) | 29.8 (8.30) | <0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 25.2 [15.6, 73.1] | 28.1 [15.8, 60.9] | |
| Missing | 401 (13.5%) | 26 (16.0%) | |
a.
Some college without degree also includes associate degree and trade school. Master’s degree or above also includes (professional) doctoral degrees.
b.
Married stands for Married or living with a partner; Not married includes widowed, separated, divorced, single, never married, and partnered (boyfriend or girlfriend) but not living together.
c.
preterm gestational category is defined as gestational age at birth from 22 to 36 weeks.
d.
P-values were given from the t-test for continuous variables or chi-square test for categorical variables.