Table 4.

Associations between food allergy attitudes and behaviors and socioeconomic characteristics among caregivers of Black and White children with food allergy (n=339)

	Food Allergy-Related Attitudesa		Food Allergy-Related Behaviorsa
Variables, Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)b,c	Parental anxiety about purchasing habits causing allergic reaction in child with food allergy	Parental anxiety about child with food allergy having allergic reaction due to eating food prepared outside home	Sometimes or always purchases food item with label: May contain allergen	Sometimes or always purchases food item with label: Manufactured in a facility that also processes the allergen	Sometimes or always purchases food item with label: Manufactured on same equipment that also processes allergen	Online purchase of allergen free foods for child with food allergy	Child with food allergy eats food prepared outside of the home	Child with food allergyeats lunch/food prepared by school
Age	1 (0.9,1.1)	1 (0.9,1.1)	1 (0.9,1.1)	1 (0.9,1.1)	1 (0.9,1.0)	1 (0.9,1.0)	1.1 (1.0,1.2)	1.1 (1.0,1.1)
Sex Reference: Males
Females	1.3 (0.8,2.0)	1.4 (0.8,2.4)	0.5 (0.2,1.1)	0.5*(0.3,0.9)	0.7(0.4,1.1)	0.8 (0.5,1.4)	1.4 (0.7,2.8)	1.1 (0.7,1.8)
Race Reference: White
Black	0.5 (0.2,1.1)	0.7 (0.3,1.6)	1.4 (0.6,3.4)	0.8 (0.3,1.8)	0.6 (0.3,1.3)	0.7(0.3,1.6)	0.6 (0.2,1.5)	2.5*(1.1,5.5)
Top 9 Food Allergies Reference: 1 Food Allergy d
More than 1	1.1 (0.7,1.8)	1.9*(1.1,3.3)	0.5 (0.3,1.0)	1.2 (0.6,2.0)	0.9 (0.6,1.5)	1.9*(1.1,3.4)	0.7(0.3,1.4)	0.4***(0.2,0.6)
Ever Visited the Emergency Room Reference: No
Yes	1.8* (1.1,2.8)	2.4***(1.4,4.1)	0.2***(0.1,0.5)	0.4**(0.2,0.7)	0.4***(0.2,0.6)	1.4 (0.8,2.3)	0.5* (0.3,0.9)	1 (0.6,1.6)
Income Reference: Less than $50,000
$50,000 - $100,000	1 (0.4,2.5)	1.9 (0.8,4.9)	0.4 (0.1,1.1)	2.6 (0.9,7.9)	0.7 (0.3,1.8)	3 (0.8,11.5)	0.7 (0.2,2.2)	0.6 (0.2,1.4)
More than 100,000	0.9 (0.3,2.4)	1.5 (0.6,3.7)	0.5 (0.2,1.4)	5.6*** (2.1,15.0)	1.1(0.5,2.8)	3.9 (1.0,15.3)	1.1(0.3,3.9)	0.8 (0.3,2.0)
Education Reference: Less than Bachelor’s Degree
Bachelor’s Degree	0.6 (0.2,1.4)	0.4*(0.2,0.9)	0.8 (0.3,2.1)	2.3 (0.9,5.8)	1(0.4,2.2)	1.3 (0.5,3.4)	1.8 (0.6,5.1)	0.8 (0.3,1.8)
Graduate Degree	0.6 (0.3,1.5)	0.8 (0.4,1.9)	1.3 (0.5,3.3)	1.8 (0.7,4.5)	1.5 (0.7,3.5)	0.8 (0.3,2.2)	1.6 (0.5,5.1)	1.5 (0.6,3.6)
Clinical Site Reference: Northwestern/Lurie
Rush Medical Center	0.8 (0.3,1.7)	0.9 (0.4,2.0)	1.2 (0.4,3.4)	0.8 (0.3,2.2)	0.9 (0.4,2.0)	1.2 (0.5,2.8)	0.4 (0.2,1.0)	0.8 (0.3,1.6)
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital	1 (0.5,1.9)	0.7 (0.4,1.5)	1 (0.4,2.6)	0.8 (0.4,1.8)	1.3 (0.6,2.5)	0.9 (0.5,1.8)	1.2 (0.5,2.9)	1 (0.5,2.0)
D.C. Children’s Hospital	1 (0.5,1.9)	1 (0.5,2.1)	1.3 (0.5,3.2)	1 (0.5,2.1)	1.3 (0.7,2.5)	1.3 (0.6,2.6)	1.3 (0.6,3.1)	0.8 (0.4,1.5)
Food Allergy Knowledge Score	1.1 (1.0,1.2)	1.2**(1.1,1.4)	0.8**(0.7,0.9)	0.8***(0.7,0.9)	0.9**(0.8,1.0)	1.3**(1.1,1.5)	0.8*(0.6,1.0)	0.9*(0.8,1.0)

^aOutcomes from the six-month post enrollment Food Allergy Outcomes Related to White and African American Racial Differences Study Diet and Purchasing Survey.

^bAdjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)

^cMultivariable logistic regression of food allergy-related attitudes and behaviors adjusted for race, sex, child age, annual household income, caregiver education level, number of “Top 9” food allergies (dichotomized), ever having visited the ED for a FA-reaction, and recruitment site. Robust standard errors are clustered at the household level.

^d“Top 9” food allergies are the nine food allergies with the highest prevalence in U.S. children under age 18 years. The nine most prevalent allergens are milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, sesame, soy, fin fish, shellfish and wheat.¹³

^*P value <0.05

^**P value <0.01

^***P value <0.001