(A) EFS and (B) OS by ctDNA detection status, by ULP-WGS for FN-RMS, and translocation detection for FP-RMS of the entire cohort. (C) EFS and (D) OS by ctDNA detection status, determined by ULP-WGS for FN-RMS and translocation detection for FP-RMS, of the entire cohort excluding cases with MYOD1L122R mutations. (E) EFS and (F) OS by ctDNA status, determined by ULP-WGS, in patients with FN-RMS after excluding cases with MYOD1L122R mutations. (G) EFS and (H) OS by ctDNA status, determined by translocation detection, in patients with FP-RMS. P value from the log-rank test. ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; EFS, event-free survival; FN-RMS, fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma; FP-RMS, fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma; OS, overall survival; RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma; ULP-WGS, ultralow passage whole-genome sequencing.