Table 2.
Adverse 30-day postoperative composite MACE in patients with and without COVID-19 based on vaccination status before COVID-19 (if applicable) or surgery
| Vaccinated, n (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Complications | Not Fully | Fully | P Value |
| No Hx of COVID-19 | |||
| n | 384,357 | 39,586 | |
| Mortality | 3,059 (0.8) | 358 (0.9) | 0.023 |
| Composite cardiovascular event | 22,758 (5.9) | 2,239 (5.7) | 0.034 |
| Cerebrovascular complications | |||
| Acute stroke | 227 (<0.1) | ≤20 | 0.24 |
| Transient cerebral ischemia | 910 (0.2) | 112 (0.3) | 0.084 |
| Dysrhythmia | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 6,065 (1.6) | 498 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 370 (<0.1) | 27 (<0.1) | 0.10 |
| Atrial flutter | 2,566 (0.7) | 323 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Inflammatory heart disease | |||
| Carditis | 880 (0.2) | 71 (0.2) | 0.054 |
| Ischemic heart disease | |||
| Acute ischemic heart disease | 2,949 (0.8) | 257 (0.6) | 0.011 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2,115 (0.6) | 167 (0.4) | 0.001 |
| Other cardiac disorder | |||
| Acute heart failure | 2,541 (0.7) | 267 (0.7) | 0.78 |
| Cardiac arrest | 1,397 (0.4) | 112 (0.3) | 0.012 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 714 (0.2) | 58 (0.1) | 0.093 |
| Thrombotic disorders | |||
| Pulmonary embolism | 4,713 (1.2) | 522 (1.3) | 0.12 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 4,814 (1.3) | 448 (1.1) | 0.041 |
| Superficial vein thrombosis | 1,584 (0.4) | 128 (0.3) | 0.009 |
| Hx of COVID-19 | |||
| n | 29,523 | 4,338 | |
| Mortality | 532 (1.8) | 52 (1.2) | 0.005 |
| Composite cardiovascular event | 1,907 (6.5) | 270 (6.2) | 0.58 |
| Cerebrovascular complications | |||
| Acute stroke | ≤20 | ≤20 | 0.71 |
| Transient cerebral ischemia | 80 (0.3) | ≤20 | 0.080 |
| Dysrhythmia | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 340 (1.2) | 53 (1.2) | 0.74 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 38 (0.1) | ≤20 | >0.99 |
| Atrial flutter | 193 (0.7) | 33 (0.8) | 0.48 |
| Inflammatory heart disease | |||
| Carditis | 85 (0.3) | ≤20 | 0.43 |
| Ischemic heart disease | |||
| Acute ischemic heart disease | 255 (0.9) | 32 (0.7) | 0.45 |
| Myocardial infarction | 192 (0.7) | 25 (0.6) | 0.64 |
| Other cardiac disorder | |||
| Acute heart failure | 197 (0.7) | 40 (0.9) | 0.075 |
| Cardiac arrest | 148 (0.5) | ≤20 | 0.21 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 82 (0.3) | ≤20 | 0.92 |
| Thrombotic disorders | |||
| Pulmonary embolism | 449 (1.5) | 68 (1.6) | 0.87 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 444 (1.5) | 48 (1.1) | 0.048 |
| Superficial vein thrombosis | 147 (0.5) | ≤20 | 0.061 |
Values are n (%); n, number of patients. MACE, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.