Table 1.
Early mortality, survival rate, and cardiac performance of three groups of dogs in developing chronic ischemic HF
| Canine Model | n | Coronary Ligation Positions (Ischemia Territory) | Early Mortality (Postligation 48 h), % (n) | Postligation Survival Week 5, % (n) | Chronic Ischemic HF Developed by week 16, % (n) | Time to Develop Ischemic HF, wk (n) | LV Functional Data and NT-proBNP Outcome in All Survived Canines at End Point |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | LVEF, % | NT-proBNP, pmol/L | LVEDV, mL | LVIDd, cm | LVEDP, mmHg | E/e′ | EPSS, mm | |||||||
| Group 1 | 4 | Proximal and distal LAD | 0 (0/4) | 100 (4/4) | 50 (2/4) | 9 ± 1 (2/4) | 4 | 45 ± 7 | 676 ± 248 | 56 ± 7 | 5.61 ± 0.17 | 8.11 ± 1.76 | NA | NA |
| Group 2 | 14 | Proximal and distal LAD, and OM1/distal D1 | 29 (4/14) | 57 (8/14) | 50 (4/8) | 13 ± 3 (4/8) | 8 | 42 ± 5 | 1,299 ± 1,009 | 63 ± 21 | 6.02 ± 0.29 | 9.34 ± 1.65 | 8.19 ± 0.62 | 8.31 ± 1.01 |
| Group 3 | 11 | Total LAD devascularization | 9 (1/11) | 73 (8/11) | 100 (8/8) | 11 ± 2 (8/8) | 8 | 35 ± 2 | 1,416 ± 496 | 67 ± 27 | 6.36 ± 0.37 | 12.96 ± 2.63 | 9.92 ± 0.72 | 9.48 ± 0.35 |
n = number of canines. LVEF, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, NH2-terminal-prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVEPD; LV diastolic pressure; LVIDd, LV internal diastolic diameter; E, early mitral inflow velocity; e′, mitral annular early diastolic velocity; EPSS, end-point septal separation.