Table 2.
Previously reported chronic ischemic HF canine models
| Canine Model, n | Procedure Type to Induce MI | Criteria to Evaluate HF, %LVEF | Mortality Rate, % | Time to Develop HF, wk | Reported Parameters in Developed Chronic Ischemic HF Models |
Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EF, % | LVEDP, mmHg | LV infarct, % | Others | ||||||
| 20 | I/R–proximal and distal LAD and major diagonal branches | <40 | NA | 4–5 | <40 | 15 ± 3.5 | 16.3 ± 2.6 | NT-proBNP: 4,081 ± 1,123 pmol/L | 34 |
| 20 | Single coronary microembolization into LCx | <35 | 55% | 44 | 23 | 14.9 ± 2.5 | 23.1 ± 2.6 | NA | 10 |
| 17 | LAD coronary artery occlusion | <35 | NA | 4–5 | 31.7 ± 4.6 | NA | 11 ± 0.4 | PCWP: 18 ± 1.2 mmHg | 35 |
| 22 | Ameroid constrictors placement on proximal LAD, LCx and their major branches | NA | 45% | 6 | NA | NA | NA | ΔLVEDA: 36%↑ | 13 |
| ΔLVESA: 86%↑ | |||||||||
| ΔLV wall thickening: 57↓ | |||||||||
| 7 | Proximal and distal LAD and major diagonal branches | <35 | 0% | 8–10 | 28.7 ± 5.4 | NA | NA | ΔLVEDV: 14%↑ | 36 |
| ΔLVESV: 25%↑ | |||||||||
| 21 | Proximal LAD | >45 | 0% | 3 | >45 | ≥18 | NA | NA | 37 |
| 7 | I/R–proximal and distal LAD, LCx and D1 LAD | NA | NA | 4 | 48 ± 6 | 16.8 ± 6.4 | 13.3 ± 2.5 | NT-proBNP: 1,778 ± 195 pmol/L | 38 |
| 20 | Sequential coronary microembolization into LCx | <35 | 30% | 13 | 21 ± 1 | 22 ± 3 | 21 ± 3 (anterior) | ΔLVEDV: 40%↑ | 12 |
| 17 ± 2 (posterior) | PNE: 791 ± 131 pg/mL | ||||||||
| 32 | LAD coronary artery balloon occlusion | NA | 25% | 6 | NA | NA | 37.1 ± 8.2 | NA | 18 |
| 12 | Sequential coronary microembolization into LCx | <35 | NA | 17–18 | 23 ± 2 | 22 ± 3 | 22 ± 3 | ΔLVEDV: 35%↑ | 39 |
| ΔLVESV: 144%↑ | |||||||||
| 7 | Sequential coronary microembolization into LCx | 30–40 | NA | 18 | 26 ± 1 | 20 ± 5 | NA | ΔLVEDV: 28%↑ | 40 |
| PNE: 569 ± 44 pg/mL | |||||||||
| 15 | Sequential coronary microembolization into LCx | <40 | 60% | 8 | 35 ± 3 | NA | NA | ΔLVEDV: 22%↑ | 8 |
| PNE: 715 ± 276 pg/mL | |||||||||
| 8 | Sequential coronary microembolization into LCx | ≤35 | NA | 16 | 33 | NA | NA | ΔLVEDV: 11%↑ | 41 |
| ΔLVESV: 17%↑ | |||||||||
n = number of canines. LVEF, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, NH2-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEPD; LV diastolic pressure, LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; Δ, change from the baseline to the final end point once the model reached chronic ischemic heart failure (HF) condition; PNE, plasma norepinephrine; LCx, left circumflex artery.