Table 3. Prognostic variables influencing survival in all treated cases of RMS (5-year survival).
| Univariate analysis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prognostic variables | All treated cases of childhood RMS; n = 221 | All treated cases of localised RMS (L-RMS); n = 182 | |||||||
| 5-year EFS (95% CI) | p–value | 5-year OS (95% CI) | p–value | 5-year EFS (95% CI) | p–value | 5-year OS (95% CI) | p–value | ||
| Overall | 48.48% (41.28–55.31) |
NA | 55.46% (47.83–62.42) |
NA | 54.59% (46.49–61.97) |
NA | 62.61% (54.17–69.92) |
NA | |
| Site | |||||||||
| Favourable | 66.52% (51.38–77.91) |
<0.0001 | 73.63% (58.27–84.07) |
<0.0001 | 72.97% (56.92–83.85) |
0.004 | 81.12% (64.94–90.36) |
0.004 | |
| Unfavourable | 42.42% (34.27–50.33) |
49.35% (40.54–57.56) |
47.59% (38.16–56.42) |
64.66% (55.63–72.32) |
|||||
| Age | |||||||||
| <10 years | 48.63% (40.55–56.21) |
0.725 | 58.04% (49.82–65.39) |
0.976 | 52.82% (43.91–60.96) |
0.188 | 63.57% (54.68–71.18) |
0.459 | |
| ≥10 years | 47.66% (31.26–62.36) |
44.47% (25.95–61.46) |
62.33% (41.47–77.57) |
57.78% (33.52–75.93) |
|||||
| Histology | |||||||||
| Embryonal | 50.04% (41.13–58.29) |
0.862 | 55.42% (46.28–63.62) |
0.428 | 54.86% (44.95–63.72) |
0.951 | 61.66% (51.60–70.24) |
0.453 | |
| Alveolar | 44.9% (31.54–57.37) |
49.91% (34.06–63.86) |
52.81% (37.02–66.35) |
58.34% (39.75–73.00) |
|||||
| Others | 49.87% (17.29–75.90) |
79.55% (39.32–94.54) |
60.00% (19.55–85.23) |
87.50% (38.70–98.14) |
|||||
| GROUP | |||||||||
| Group I | 80.81% (42.35–94.85) |
<0.0001 | 90.00% (47.30–98.53) |
<0.001 | 80.81% (42.35–94.85) |
0.112 | 90% (47.3–98.53) |
0.146 | |
| Group II | 80% (20.38–96.92) |
80.00% (20.38–96.92) |
80.00% (20.38–96.92) |
80.00% (20.38–96.92) |
|||||
| Group III | 51.87% (43.34–59.74) |
60.15% (51.17–68.00) |
51.87% (43.34–59.74) |
60.15% (51.17–68.00) |
|||||
| Group IVc | 0.00% | 0.00% | Not applicable | ||||||
| Tumour size | |||||||||
| <5 cm | 65.59% (53.83–75.03) |
<0.0001 | 72.9% (60.71–81.85) |
<0.0001 | 69.01% (56.43–78.63) |
<0.0001 | 77.50% (64.57–86.20) |
<0.0001 | |
| 5–10 cm | 44.02% (33.37–54.16) |
53.28% (41.87–63.42) |
53.99% (41.52–64.9) |
64.26% (51.46–74.49) |
|||||
| >10 cm | 15.84% (4.97–32.25) |
16.67% (3.91–34.65) |
7.45% (0.65–26.25) |
8.97% (0.80–30.00) |
|||||
| Nodal status | |||||||||
| N0 | 61.02% (51.54-69.19) |
<0.0001 | 69.15% (59.65–76.84) |
<0.0001 | 65.2% (54.85–73.75) |
0.003 | 74.45% (64.33–82.10) |
0.002 | |
| N1 | 30.42% (20.37-41.06) |
36.54% (25.33–47.80) |
38.23% (25.82–50.52) |
45.21% (31.51–57.95) |
|||||
| Risk | |||||||||
| Low (A) | 79.41% (53.97–91.74) |
<0.0001 | 90.00% (65.60–97.40) |
<0.0001 | 79.41% (53.97–91.74) |
0.076 | 90.00% (65.60–97.40) |
0.056 | |
| Low (B) | 54.84% (24.04–77.64) |
61.70% (28.24–83.16) |
54.84% (24.04–77.64) |
61.70% (28.24–83.16) |
|||||
| Intermediate | 50.50% (41.39–58.91) |
58.49% (48.86–66.92) |
50.5% (41.39–58.91) |
58.49% (48.86–66.92) |
|||||
| Highc | 0.00% | 0.00% | Not applicable | ||||||
| Revised riska | |||||||||
| Low | 80.81% (42.35–94.85) |
<0.0001 | 90.91% (50.81–98.67) |
<0.0001 | 80.81% (42.35–94.85) |
0.051 | 90.91% (50.81–98.67) |
0.066 | |
| Intermediate | 51.08% (42.53–58.99) |
59.33% (50.33–67.24) |
51.08% (42.53–58.99) |
59.33% (50.33–67.24) |
|||||
| Highc | 0.00% | 0.00% | Not applicable | ||||||
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||||
| Prognostic variable | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Nodal status | |||||||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| N1 | 1.929 (1.29–2.88) |
0.001 | 2.091 (1.339–3.264) |
0.001 | 1.728 (1.064–2.806) |
0.027 | 1.803 (1.039–3.127) |
0.036 | |
| Tumour size | |||||||||
| <5 cms | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 5–10 cms | 1.581 (0.977–2.557) |
0.062 | 1.521 (0.878–2.628) |
0.133 | 1.417 (0.804–2.499) |
0.228 | 1.394 (0.713–2.723) |
0.332 | |
| >10 cms | 2.239 (1.26–3.981) |
0.006 | 2.581 (1.387–4.803) |
0.003 | 3.651 (1.846–7.221) |
< 0.001 | 4.422 (2.064–9.473) |
<0.001 | |
| Site | |||||||||
| Favourable | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Unfavourable | 1.291 (0.625–2.664) |
0.49 | 2.428 (0.815–7.233) |
0.111 | 1.72 (0.699–4.231) |
0.238 | 1.808 (0.636–5.143) |
0.267 | |
a
Only in patients with FOXO1 data available
b
As per the ARST1431 COG risk stratification [5]
c
11 patients alive at last follow-up but not reached median time to follow-up