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. 2023 Jan 27;146(5):2045–2058. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac472

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Exposure to 1% serum from MCI converters leads to decreased proliferation, increased cell death and increased neurogenesis. (A) Representative images of proliferation phase cells treated with serum from the same individual. Left (MCI panel): serum sample from 1 year before conversion. Right (AD panel): serum sample taken at the time of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nuclei are stained with DAPI. Ki67 and CC3 were used to label proliferating and apoptotic cells, respectively. (B–D) Modelled trajectories (with 95% CIs) of linear mixed-effects regression models fitted to the proliferation phase data. Time of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease was assigned 0, and the number of years before conversion were assigned negative values (i.e. 1 year before conversion is −1). Longitudinal serum samples from MCI converters increased average cell number (B), decreased proliferation (% Ki67+) (C) and increased apoptotic cell death (% CC3+) (D). Slopes (β coefficient estimates) are indicated within the plots. (E) Representative images of differentiation phase cells treated with serum from the same individual. Left (MCI panel): serum sample from 1 year before conversion. Right (AD panel): serum sample taken at the time of conversion to AD. Nuclei are stained with DAPI. DCX and MAP2 were used to label neuroblasts and mature neurons, respectively. (F–H) Modelled trajectories (with 95% CIs) of linear mixed-effects regression models fitted to the differentiation phase data. Time of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease was assigned 0, and the number of years before conversion were assigned negative values (i.e. 1 year before conversion is −1). Longitudinal serum samples from MCI converters increased average cell number (F), neuroblasts (% DCX+) (G) and mature neurons (% MAP2+) (H). Slopes (β coefficient estimates) are indicated within the plots. Scale bar = 100 μm.