Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Based on Heart Failure Status (2007-2017)
| Heart Failure |
No HF | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No EF | EF > 40% | EF ≤ 40% | |||
| N | 2,485 | 8,436 | 3,328 | 62,439 | 76,688 |
| Age at index date, mean (SD) | 75.9 (11.04) | 75.6 (11.31) | 73.9 (11.22) | 71.7 (12.36) | 72.4 (12.24) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 1,242 (50.0%) | 3,964 (47.0%) | 2,166 (65.1%) | 27,688 (44.3%) | 35,060 (45.7%) |
| Female | 1,243 (50.0%) | 4,472 (53.0%) | 1,162 (34.9%) | 34,751 (55.7%) | 41,628 (54.3%) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| White | 1,524 (61.3%) | 4,751 (56.3%) | 1,687 (50.7%) | 31,879 (51.1%) | 39,841 (52.0%) |
| Asian | 139 (5.6%) | 576 (6.8%) | 235 (7.1%) | 5,832 (9.3%) | 6,782 (8.8%) |
| Black | 289 (11.6%) | 1,204 (14.3%) | 610 (18.3%) | 8,116 (13.0%) | 10,219 (13.3%) |
| Hispanic | 411 (16.5%) | 1,783 (21.1%) | 736 (22.1%) | 15,016 (24.0%) | 17,946 (23.4%) |
| Other/unknown | 122 (4.9%) | 122 (1.5%) | 60 (1.8%) | 1,596 (2.6%) | 1,900 (2.5%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 30.1 (7.72) | 30.3 (7.68) | 28.1 (6.28) | 29.2 (6.66) | 29.3 (6.81) |
| < 18.5 | 26 (1.1%) | 147 (1.7%) | 57 (1.7%) | 900 (1.4%) | 1,130 (1.5%) |
| 18.5-24.9 | 463 (18.6%) | 1,723 (20.4%) | 942 (28.3%) | 13,111 (21.0%) | 16,239 (21.2%) |
| 25-29.9 | 618 (24.9%) | 2,208 (26.2%) | 982 (29.5%) | 18,061 (28.9%) | 21,869 (28.5%) |
| 30-34.9 | 382 (15.4%) | 1,518 (18.0%) | 528 (15.9%) | 11,373 (18.2%) | 13,801 (18.0%) |
| 35-39.9 | 210 (8.5%) | 891 (10.6%) | 236 (7.1%) | 5,289 (8.5%) | 6,626 (8.6%) |
| 40+ | 193 (7.8%) | 839 (10.0%) | 143 (4.3%) | 3,599 (5.8%) | 4,774 (6.2%) |
| Unknown | 593 (23.9%) | 1,110 (13.2%) | 440 (13.2%) | 10,106 (16.2%) | 12,249 (16.0%) |
| Average DBP within 1 y before index date | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 65.2 (9.44) | 64.8 (9.41) | 64.5 (9.76) | 68.6 (9.44) | 67.9 (9.56) |
| < 60 | 524 (21.1%) | 2,218 (26.3%) | 963 (28.9%) | 8,474 (13.6%) | 12,179 (15.9%) |
| 60 to < 80 | 1,306 (52.6%) | 4,779 (56.7%) | 1,764 (53.0%) | 38,829 (62.2%) | 46,678 (60.9%) |
| 80+ | 129 (5.2%) | 472 (5.6%) | 208 (6.3%) | 6,441 (10.3%) | 7,250 (9.5%) |
| Unknown | 526 (21.2%) | 967 (11.5%) | 393 (11.8%) | 8,695 (13.9%) | 10,581 (13.8%) |
| Average SBP within 1 y before index date | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 126.1 (15.85) | 1,26.9 (14.71) | 118.0 (15.66) | 129.5 (13.39) | 128.6 (13.96) |
| < 120 | 659 (26.5%) | 2,278 (27.0%) | 1,658 (49.8%) | 11,052 (17.7%) | 15,647 (20.4%) |
| 120 to < 140 | 959 (38.6%) | 3,926 (46.5%) | 1,019 (30.6%) | 32,593 (52.2%) | 38,497 (50.2%) |
| 140+ | 341 (13.7%) | 1,265 (15.0%) | 258 (7.8%) | 10,099 (16.2%) | 11,963 (15.6%) |
| Unknown | 526 (21.2%) | 967 (11.5%) | 393 (11.8%) | 8,695 (13.9%) | 10,581 (13.8%) |
| CKD stage/eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | |||||
| <15 | 10 (0.4%) | 85 (1.0%) | 30 (0.9%) | 738 (1.2%) | 863 (1.1%) |
| 15-29 | 252 (10.1%) | 850 (10.1%) | 311 (9.3%) | 5,097 (8.2%) | 6,510 (8.5%) |
| 30-45 | 2,223 (89.5%) | 7,501 (88.9%) | 2,987 (89.75%) | 56,604 (90.7%) | 69,315 (90.4%) |
| Weighted Charlson comorbidity, median (IQR) | 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) |
| Elixhauser comorbidity, median (IQR) | 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) | 9.0 (7.0, 11.0) | 9.0 (7.0, 11.0) | 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) |
| Pre-existing comorbid conditions, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes | 1,320 (53.1%) | 4,691 (55.6%) | 1,857 (55.8%) | 27,510 (44.1%) | 35,378 (46.1%) |
| Hypertension | 2,110 (84.9%) | 7,743 (91.8%) | 2,992 (89.9%) | 47,725 (76.4%) | 60,570 (79.0%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 583 (23.5%) | 3,035 (36.0%) | 1,245 (37.4%) | 3,511 (5.6%) | 8,374 (10.9%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1,252 (50.4%) | 3,875 (45.9%) | 2,066 (62.1%) | 10,022 (16.1%) | 17,215 (22.4%) |
| Malignancy | 281 (11.3%) | 1048 (12.4%) | 418 (12.6%) | 7524 (12.1%) | 9271 (12.1%) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; body mass index; HF, heart failure; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.