Table 3.
Distribution of ESBL-producers among different attributes.
| Attributes | No. of samples | Isolates |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
E. coli |
Salmonella spp. |
||||||
| ESBL rate | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | ESBL rate | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Narayani kinar | 50 | 6 (12.00%) | 1 | – | 2 (4.00%) | 1 | – |
| Hospital area | 50 | 5 (10.00%) | 0.68 (0.25–1.85) | 0.446 | 2 (4.00%) | 1 (0.14–7.39) | 1.00 |
| School/college area | 50 | 10 (20.00%) | 1.12 (0.44–2.84) | 0.812 | 4 (8.00%) | 2.09 (0.37–11.95) | 0.409 |
| Literacy | |||||||
| Literate | 102 | 6 (5.88%) | 0.41 (0.18–0.92) | 0.031* | 4 (3.92%) | 0.45 (0.11–1.88) | 0.273 |
| Illiterate | 48 | 15 (31.25%) | 1 | – | 4 (8.33%) | 1 | – |
| Personal Hygiene | |||||||
| Gloved | 29 | 1 (3.44%) | 0.41 (0.18–0.92) | 0.057 | 1 (3.45%) | 0.58 (0.07–4.92) | 0.619 |
| Non-gloved | 121 | 20 (16.52%) | 1 | – | 7 (5.79%) | 1 | – |
| Cleaning material | |||||||
| Soap/Detergent | 112 | 10 (8.92%) | 0.25 (0.11–0.59) | 0.001** | 3 (2.68%) | 0.18 (0.04–0.80) | 0.024* |
| Water | 38 | 11 (28.94%) | 1 | – | 5 (13.16%) | 1 | – |
| Source of water used | |||||||
| Municipal water | 94 | 11 (11.70%) | 1 | – | 2 (2.13%) | 1 | – |
| Ground water (closed) | 42 | 2 (4.76%) | 1.56 (0.62–3.95) | 0.349 | 3 (7.14%) | 3.54 (0.57–22.01) | 0.175 |
| Ground water (open) | 14 | 8 (57.14%) | 7.61 (2.29–25.32) | 0.000*** | 3 (21.43%) | 12.54 (1.89–83.48) | 0.008** |