Table 1.

Formation of major oxidants.

Oxidant	Formula	Equation
Superoxide anion	$O2·-$	NADPH + 2O2 → $2O2·-$ + NADP+ + H+ Xanthine + 2O2 + NAD(P)H → Uric acid + $2O2·-$ + NAD(P) + + H+ Hypoxanthine + 2O2 + NAD(P)H → Xanthine + $2O2·-$ + NAD(P) + + H+
Hydrogen peroxide	H2O2	Hypoxantine + H2O + O2 → Xanthine+ H2O2 Xanthine + H2O + O2 → Uric acid+ H2O2
Hydroxyl radical	OH−	Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3++OH− + OH
Singlet oxygen	1O2	HOCl → 1O2 + H+ + Cl−
Peroxyl radicals	ROO	R + O2 → ROO
Hypochlorous acid	HOCl	H2O2 + Cl− + H+→ HOCl + H2O
Hydroperoxyl radical	HOO·	$O_2^{-}$ + H2O ↔ HOO· + OH−
Nitric oxide	·NO	L-arginine + O2→·NO + citrulline + 2H2O
Nitrogen dioxide	·NO2	RNH2 → ·NO → $N{O}_2^{-}$ → ·NO2 → $N{O}_3^{-}$
Peroxynitrite anion	ONOO−	NO· + $O_2^{-}$ → ONOO−