Table 2.

Statistical comparison.

Variable	Unadjusted for confounders	Adjusted for confounders
Maximum elbow varus torque (%BWxH)	−1.5 (−2.0, 1.0)*	−2.0 (−2.7, −1.2)*
Maximum shoulder force (%BW)	18.2 (6.9, 29.4)*	0.4 (−1.2, 19.7)
Shoulder abduction at foot strike (°)	0.6 (−4.3, 5.6)	−0.7 (−6.9, 5.5)
Maximum shoulder external rotation (°)	−7.8 (−13.4, −2.3)*	−4.3 (−10.9, 2.9)
Maximum humeral rotation velocity (°/s)	−245.2 (−460.5, −29.8)*	−230.2 (−498.6, 38.1)
Maximum hand velocity (°/s)	1,142.1 (780.5, 1,503.6)*	1,129.5 (677.5, 1,581.4)*

Results are reported as the difference between United States pitchers and Dominican Republic pitchers (95% confidence interval).

Confounding variables include age, hand dominance, and hand velocity.

^* p < 0.05; BW, body weight; H, height.