Table 2.

The association between the use of beta-blockers and the risk of sepsis.

Type of beta-blockers	Controls (n = 64,070)n(%)	Cases (n = 64,070)n(%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR# (95% CI)
Selective
Non-user	46,245 (72.18%)	46,918 (73.23%)	Reference	Reference
All user
Current user (≤ 90 days)	12,863 (20.08%)	12,017 (18.76%)	0.907 (0.831–0.990)	0.842 (0.755–0.939)
Recent user (91–365 days)	4,962 (7.74%)	5,135 (8.01%)	1.019 (0.978–1.062)	0.773 (0.737–0.810)
Mean daily dosage
< 0.5 DDD/d	6,358 (9.92%)	7,986 (12.46%)	1.239 (1.196–1.284)	1.009 (0.970–1.051)
≥ 0.5 DDD/d	11,467 (17.90%)	9,166 (14.31%)	0.781 (0.757–0.805)	0.700 (0.676–0.725)
Nonselective
Non-user	46,893 (73.19%)	38,584 (60.22%)	Reference	Reference
All user
Current user (≤ 90 days)	11,185 (17.46%)	19,067 (29.76%)	1.580 (1.466–1.704)	1.246 (1.141–1.360)
Recent user (91–365 days)	5,992 (9.35%)	6,419 (10.02%)	1.302 (1.253–1.353)	0.955 (0.914–0.997)
Mean daily dosage
< 0.5 DDD/d	6,482 (10.12%)	12,798 (19.98%)	2.433 (2.352–2.517)	1.861 (1.793–1.932)
≥ 0.5 DDD/d	10,695 (16.69%)	12,688 (19.80%)	1.443 (1.400–1.486)	1.163 (1.125–1.202)

^#Adjusted for Charlson Score, age, and the use of other antihypertension drugs.