TABLE 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| CURB-65 hospital | PSI hospital | No-consensus hospital | Total | |
| Total patients | 21 157 (41.5) | 17 279 (33.9) | 12 548 (24.6) | 50 984 (100) |
| Female patients | 10 096 (47.7) | 8019 (46.4) | 5947 (47.4) | 24 062 (47.2) |
| Age years | 72 (60–81) | 72 (60–81) | 72 (61–82) | 72 (60–81) |
| Age range years | ||||
| 18–49 years | 2838 (13.4) | 2184 (12.6) | 1493 (11.9) | 6515 (12.8) |
| 50–64 years | 4185 (19.8) | 3469 (20.1) | 2458 (19.6) | 10 112 (19.8) |
| 65–74 years | 5083 (24.0) | 4203 (24.3) | 3008 (24.0) | 12 294 (24.1) |
| 75–84 years | 5500 (26.0) | 4471 (25.9) | 3339 (26.6) | 13 310 (26.1) |
| >85 years | 3551 (16.8) | 2952 (17.1) | 2250 (17.9) | 8753 (17.2) |
| SES score | ||||
| Quartile 1 | 5020 (23.7) | 6219 (36.0) | 3299 (26.3) | 14 538 (28.5) |
| Quartile 2 | 6011 (28.4) | 4166 (24.1) | 3716 (29.6) | 13 893 (27.2) |
| Quartile 3 | 5533 (26.2) | 3861 (22.4) | 2973 (23.7) | 12 367 (24.3) |
| Quartile 4 | 4593 (21.7) | 3033 (17.6) | 2560 (20.4) | 10 186 (20.0) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| History of neoplastic disease# | 3849 (18.2) | 3212 (18.6) | 2192 (17.5) | 9253 (18.1) |
| Liver disease# | 292 (1.4) | 229 (1.3) | 134 (1.1) | 655 (1.3) |
| Congestive heart failure# | 1993 (9.4) | 1764 (10.2) | 1279 (10.2) | 5036 (9.9) |
| Cerebrovascular disease# | 1574 (7.4) | 1285 (7.4) | 923 (7.4) | 3782 (7.4) |
| Chronic renal disease# | 1153 (5.5) | 997 (5.8) | 635 (5.1) | 2785 (5.5) |
| Cardiovascular disease¶ | 4250 (20.1) | 3716 (21.5) | 2559 (20.4) | 10 525 (20.6) |
| Pulmonary disease+ | 4048 (19.1) | 3455 (20.0) | 2468(19.7) | 9971 (19.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus§ | 3713 (17.6) | 3278 (19.0) | 2285 (18.2) | 9276 (18.2) |
| Immunocompromisedƒ | 576 (2.7) | 515 (3.0) | 367 (2.9) | 1458 (2.9) |
| Neurological disease## | 457 (2.2) | 403 (2.3) | 288 (2.3) | 1148 (2.3) |
| HIV infection¶ | 66 (0.3) | 32 (0.2) | 15 (0.1) | 113 (0.2) |
| Treated at pulmonology department | 15 051 (71.1) | 12 387 (71.7) | 8905 (71.0) | 36 343 (71.3) |
| Treated at teaching hospital | 12 796 (60.5) | 10 722 (62.1) | 5075 (40.4) | 28 593 (56.1) |
| Main clinical outcomes | ||||
| Admission | 16 331 (77.2) | 13 807 (79.9) | 10 230 (81.5) | 40 368 (79.2) |
| ICU admission | 1869 (8.8) | 1395 (8.1) | 1077 (8.6) | 4341 (8.5) |
| 30-day mortality | 1827 (8.6) | 1682 (9.7) | 1119 (8.9) | 4628 (9.1) |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range). PSI: Pneumonia Severity Index; SES: socioeconomic status; ICU: intensive care unit. #: as defined by Fine et al. [4]; ¶: see appendix for the specific diagnosis treatment combination healthcare product (DTC) codes; +: DTC code COPD, asthma or cystic fibrosis; §: DTC code diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 or the use of at least one type of diabetes medication in the year prior to the pneumonia DTC, or both; ƒ: DTC code of transplantation recipients or auto-immune disease (see appendix), and the use of at least one immunosuppressant in the year prior to the pneumonia DTC; ##: DTC code Parkinson's disease, ALS, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis or other neuromuscular disease.