. 2023 May 1;19(5):925–934. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10484

Table 2.

Basic sleep parameters measured with actigraphy based on one week of recording in typically developing and gifted children.

	TDC (n = 62)	Gifted (n = 62)	t	df	P	Cohen’s d
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	t	df	P	Cohen’s d
SOL (min)
School nights	28 ± 16	32 ± 22	−1.219	117	.225	0.22
Weekends^a	27 ± 23	35 ± 25	1.688	99	.095	0.32
Total	27 ± 15	32 ± 22	1.307	117	.194	0.23
WASO (min)
School night	31.94 ± 13	39.12 ± 18	−2.557	121	.012	0.46
Weekends^a	30.84 ± 12	36.52 ± 18	1.951	109	.054	0.38
Total	31.65 ± 12	39.11 ± 18	2.748	121	.007	0.50
TST (min)
School nights	523.47 ± 34	523.54 ± 35	−0.012	121	.991	0.00
Weekends^a	520.62 ± 52	515.83 ± 50	−0.496	109	.621	0.09
Total	523.34 ± 32	523.59 ± 34	0.042	121	.966	0.01
SE (%)
School nights	93.87 ± 2	92.92 ± 3	1.966	121	.052	0.36
Weekends¹	94.06 ± 2	93.23 ± 3	−1.623	109	.107	0.32
Total	93.92 ± 2	92.92 ± 3	−2.149	121	.034	0.39
Bedtime (hh:mm ± min)
School nights	21:04 ± 35	21:15 ± 62	−1.294	122	.198	0.23
Weekends^a	21:56 ± 59	21:46 ± 66	0.826	110	.411	0.25
Total	21:15 ± 37	21:26 ± 62	−0.054	122	.957	0.01
Wake-up time (hh:mm ± min)
School nights	6:22 ± 30	6:41 ± 56	−2.285	122	.024	0.42
Weekends^a	7:10 ± 53	7:02 ± 73	0.713	110	.477	0.14
Total	6:33 ± 29	6:41 ± 56	−0.972	122	.333	0.14
MP (hh:mm ± min)
School nights	01:43 ± 29	01:58 ± 56	−1.895	122	.061	0.34
Weekends^a	02:33 ± 50	02:24 ± 67	−0.763	110	.447	0.15
Total	1:54 ± 29	1:58 ± 56	0.503	122	.616	0.09

The table shows mean ± SD results from independent samples t-tests and Cohen’s d as a measure of effect size. ^aWeekend actigraphy data were missing for 10 participants in the typically developing group and 2 participants in the gifted group, leaving 52 control and 60 gifted participants for these analyses. df = degrees of freedom, MP = midpoint, ie, halfway between bedtime and final awakening, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency, TDC = typically developing children, TST = total sleep time, WASO = wake after sleep onset.